School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications
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ItemAccreditation and Standards: Developing a National Strategy(Heritage Collections Committee of the Cultural Ministers Council, 1996-10-01)This working paper examined the link between accreditation and standards at a time when the Federal Government was seeking to develop a strategic method of delivery for the National Conservation Policy for Australia's Movable Cultural Heritage. This Working Paper explored models for professional accreditation and how accreditation supports professional development. This work informed the development of the National Conservation Strategy and was the basis for a four year program in national developments in conservation. It informed SD3 of the National Strategy.
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ItemAttainable and Sustainable: Skills Gap in Conservation in Australia. Produced by the Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material (AICCM) for the Collections Management and Conservation Working Party of the Heritage Collections Council (HCC). 2000(Commonwealth of Australia 2000 on behalf of the Heritage Collections Council, 2000-01-01)The National Conservation and Preservation Strategy for Australia's Heritage Collections recognises skills development as one of the major areas requiring strategic support. Key Strategy SD3 aims to: Facilitate the development of a range of conservation and preservation education opportunities and support the development of professional codes of practice, codes of ethics, accreditation and standards for conservators and collection managers. The action required, which forms the basis for this survey, was: Audit gaps in skills and match of trained conservators in certain fields eg. conservation and preservation of textiles, natural history collections, photography and furniture. In order to better assess this need, and in order to identify individuals who are recognised by the Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material (AICCM) as being accredited conservators, the Collections Management and Conservation Working Party of the Heritage Collections Council (HCC) commissioned the AICCM to undertake a skills gap audit of specialist conservators in Australia. This document goes some way to identifying the issues relating to the auditing of conservation skills in materials conservation in Australia.
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ItemScience in the service of religion and art: analysis of pigments in Middle Eastern Manuscripts(University of Melbourne, 1999)The Middle Eastern Manuscript Collection housed in the Baillieu Library at the University of Melbourne present a rich resource for scholars exploring Middle Eastern book production and the trade of manuscripts between the east and west. This paper explores how Raman analysis can help inform studies of production and trade in Middle Eastern Manuscripts. It also demonstrated the value of Raman analysis as a non-destructive tool in manuscript studies.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableMobility and selection in Scottish university medical education, 1858–1886(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 1996-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableCluster randomisation or randomised consent as an appropriate methodology for trials in palliative care: a feasibility study [ISRCTN60243484].(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2004-04-27)BACKGROUND: Although guidelines for the care of the dying patient exist the evidence base to support the guidelines is poor. Some of the factors contributing to this include failure to recruit to trials, protective healthcare professionals and subsequent attrition from trials due to the death of the patients. Recent studies report favourably on the use of cluster randomisation as an appropriate methodology for use in this patient group. METHODS/DESIGN: A feasibility study, exploring two types of randomisation as appropriate methodology for trials involving dying patients. Cluster randomisation and randomised consent will be utilised following a crossover design at two sites, one oncology ward and one Macmillan unit within the Northwest Wales NHS Trust. All patients commencing on the Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) for the Last Days of Life will be eligible for inclusion in the study. Using the hypothesis that it is not necessary to prescribe an anti-emetic medication when setting up a syringe driver for the dying patient, the study will evaluate different models of research methodology. DISCUSSION: The identification of the most appropriate methodology for use in studies concerning this patient group will inform the development of future clinical studies. Furthermore, the outcomes of this feasibility study will inform the development, of a proposal seeking funding for Wales-wide trials in palliative care. The identification of an appropriate methodology will provide a starting point for the establishment of a robust evidence base for the care of the dying patient.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAccuracy of prognosis estimates by four palliative care teams: a prospective cohort study.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2002)BACKGROUND: Prognosis estimates are used to access services, but are often inaccurate. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of giving a prognosis range. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: A prospective cohort study in four multi-professional palliative care teams in England collected data on 275 consecutive cancer referrals who died. Prognosis estimates (minimum - maximum) at referral, patient characteristics, were recorded by staff, and later compared with actual survival. RESULTS: Minimum survival estimates ranged <1 to 364 days, maximum 7 - 686 days. Mean patient survival was 71 days (range 1 - 734). In 42% the estimate was accurate, in 36% it was over optimistic and in 22% over pessimistic. When the minimum estimate was less than 14 days accuracy increased to 70%. Accuracy was related, in multivariate analysis, to palliative care team and (of borderline significance) patient age. CONCLUSIONS: Offering a prognosis range has higher levels of accuracy (about double) than traditional estimates, but is still very often inaccurate, except very close to death. Where possible clinicians should discuss scenarios with patients, rather than giving a prognosis range.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableHealth biotechnology in China - reawakening of a giant(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2004-12-01)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableConsensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2002-08-12)BACKGROUND: Intensivists must provide enough analgesia and sedation to ensure dying patients receive good palliative care. However, if it is perceived that too much is given, they risk prosecution for committing euthanasia. The goal of this study is to develop consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients that help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia. METHODS: Using the Delphi technique, panelists rated levels of agreement with statements describing how analgesics and sedatives should be given to dying ICU patients and how palliative care should be distinguished from euthanasia. Participants were drawn from 3 panels: 1) Canadian Academic Adult Intensive Care Fellowship program directors and Intensive Care division chiefs (N = 9); 2) Deputy chief provincial coroners (N = 5); 3) Validation panel of Intensivists attending the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group meeting (N = 12). RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on 16 statements encompassing the role of palliative care in the intensive care unit, the management of pain and suffering, current areas of controversy, and ways of improving palliative care in the ICU. CONCLUSION: Consensus guidelines were developed to guide the administration of analgesics and sedatives to dying ICU patients and to help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableConclusions: promoting biotechnology innovation in developing countries(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2004-12-01)