School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications

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    Digital housekeepers and domestic expertise in the networked home
    Kennedy, J ; Nansen, B ; Arnold, M ; Wilken, R ; Gibbs, M (Sage Publications, 2015-11-01)
    This article examines the distribution of expertise in the performance of ‘digital housekeeping’ required to maintain a networked home. It considers the labours required to maintain a networked home, the forms of digital expertise that are available and valued in digital housekeeping, and ways in which expertise is gendered in distribution amongst household members. As part of this discussion, we consider how digital housekeeping implicitly situates technology work within the home in the role of the ‘housekeeper’, a term that is complicated by gendered sensitivities. Digital housework, like other forms of domestic labour, contributes to identity and self-worth. The concept of housework also affords visibility of the digital housekeeper’s enrolment in the project of maintaining the household. This article therefore asks, what is at stake in the gendered distribution of digital housekeeping?
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    Facebook and the Other: Administering to and Caring for the Dead Online
    Kohn, T ; Nansen, B ; Arnold, MV ; Gibbs, MR ; Hage, G ; Eckerlsey, R (Melbourne University Press, 2012)
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    Remembering Zyzz - Distributed Memories on Distributed Networks
    Nansen, B ; ARNOLD, M ; Gibbs, M ; Kohn, T ; Meese, J ; Hajek, A ; Lohmeier, C ; Pentzold, C (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015)
    In times when public and private spheres are mediated more than ever, this volume looks at the way personal and collective memories are employed to revise and reconstruct old and new forms of individual and social life.
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    Proxy Users, Use By Proxy: Mapping Forms of Intermediary Interaction
    Nansen, B ; Wilken, R ; Kennedy, J ; Arnold, M ; Carter, M ; Gibbs, M ; Ploderer, B ; Carter, M ; Gibbs, M ; Smith, W ; Vetere, F (ACM, 2015-12-17)
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    Digital ethnographic techniques in domestic spaces: Notes on methods and ethics
    Nansen, B ; Kennedy, J ; ARNOLD, M ; Gibbs, M ; Wilken, R (Visual Methodologies, 2015)
    This paper reflects on the opportunities provided by the use of novel digital ethnographic methods for gaining insights into the changing uses of broadband internet and digital media in everyday domestic spaces, as well as the new kinds of methodological and ethical issues that are raised by these techniques. It begins by describing the research context, rationale, and methodology for deploying mobile devices, digital ethnographic software, and visual tasks in domestic spaces, which sought to encourage and empower participants to actively produce and interpret visual data. In particular, we describe how these digital ethnographic techniques aimed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional media ethnography in domestic spaces. We go on to describe a number of ethical implications, both anticipated in the research design and emerging during the introduction and early period of household data collection within the longitudinal study. These included issues of gaining informed consent and participant burden, given the disruptive qualities of the mobile device, ethnographic software and visual tasks, and the creative and technical competence required to complete the research tasks. We conclude with a discussion of the benefits and challenges of these digital ethnographic techniques, and note how the research methods have undergone collaborative modification in response to the ethical challenges encountered by participants.This paper reflects on the opportunities provided by the use of novel digital ethnographic methods for gaining insights into the changing uses of broadband internet and digital media in everyday domestic spaces, as well as the new kinds of methodological and ethical issues that are raised by these techniques. It begins by describing the research context, rationale, and methodology for deploying mobile devices, digital ethnographic software, and visual tasks in domestic spaces, which sought to encourage and empower participants to actively produce and interpret visual data. In particular, we describe how these digital ethnographic techniques aimed to overcome some of the limitations of traditional media ethnography in domestic spaces. We go on to describe a number of ethical implications, both anticipated in the research design and emerging during the introduction and early period of household data collection within the longitudinal study. These included issues of gaining informed consent and participant burden, given the disruptive qualities of the mobile device, ethnographic software and visual tasks, and the creative and technical competence required to complete the research tasks. We conclude with a discussion of the benefits and challenges of these digital ethnographic techniques, and note how the research methods have undergone collaborative modification in response to the ethical challenges encountered by participants.
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    Posthumous personhood and the affordances of digital media
    Meese, J ; Nansen, B ; Kohn, T ; Arnold, M ; Gibbs, M (Taylor and Francis, 2015-01-01)
    This article identifies and outlines some of the more prominent ways that digital media can extend one’s personhood following death. We consider three examples: when the digital persona of the deceased continues to interact with the living through a human surrogate; the emergence of autonomous and semi-autonomous software enabling the dead to use social media to intervene in current events; and finally the operation of algorithmic presence services like Eterni.me, where artificial intelligence creates a re-enlivened form of the deceased. Situating these examples in relation to sociological, anthropological and cultural literature foundational to ideas of distributed personhood and posthumous symbolic immortality, we suggest that digital codes and computational texts stand as key sites for contemporary forms of ‘distributed personhood’, including posthumous personhood. We then extend this body of literature by examining how the discursive politics of social media contributes to a social and commercial context, which supports ongoing interactions with the dead online. Through this process, we suggest that the persona of the dead, which remains after bodily death, can continue to maintain meaningful posthumous relationships with the living, presenting a new perspective on how we interact with the dead through digital media.
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    Unresolved Ethical Challenges for the Australian Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) System: Key Informant Interview Findings
    Fry, CL ; Spriggs, M ; Arnold, M ; Pearce, C (Taylor and Francis Inc., 2014)
    Background: A national Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record (PCEHR) system was made available across Australia in July 2012. While the technical, policy, and commercial aspects of the new Australian PCEHR system were examined thoroughly by the National E-Health Transition Authority in developing the new e-health record system, little attention was given to examining the related ethical implications of PCEHR advances. This article reports on ethical concerns about the new Australian electronic health record system identified by expert stakeholders. Methods: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of key informants from Melbourne, Canberra, Brisbane, and Sydney with expert knowledge about electronic health records was conducted. The 12 participants represented a range of health and other professionals, research, policy, and consumer/patient groups. Results: Major themes identified were the importance of privacy safeguards at implementation and in future PCEHR uses, the appropriate uses of PCEHR data in research, unique ethical challenges around children and adolescents with PCEHRs, conflicting stakeholder interests around record access and use, and cultural diversity and engagement. Conclusions: The technical, policy, and commercial aspects of the new Australian PCEHR system have been examined thoroughly to date. A greater focus is needed on the ethical implications of PCEHR advances. A continuing failure to address ethical issues in the national implementation and utilization of the PCEHR could limit its uptake and success in Australia, and is also not without risks to the future participants of such a system. © 2014 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    #funeral
    CARTER, M ; Gibbs, M ; Nansen, B ; Arnold, M (Association of Internet Researchers, 2014)
    In this paper we highlight preliminary findings from a study at the intersection of Instagram use and funerary practices. This study analyses photographs tagged with “#funeral” and contributes to research into death and digital media by extending the focus from social networking sites such as Facebook to consider the photo-sharing application Instagram, and how different media platforms are connected with the physical event of funerals. By categorizing photos tagged with “#funeral” on Instagram we show how media architecture and use shapes a complex ecology of grieving practices, with distinct differences from practices that have coalesced around other social media platforms. We consider the collision of digital culture and traditional memorializing practices, and suggest the need for further work that attends to the variety of social media being mobilized in death, grieving and commemoration, as well as to the ways platforms become entwined with physical places and rituals.
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    The Restless Dead in the Digital Cemetery
    Nansen, B ; Arnold, M ; GIBBS, MR ; Kohn, T ; Moreman, CM ; Lewis, AD (Praeger Publishers, 2014)
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    Dwelling with media stuff: latencies and logics of materiality in four Australian homes
    Nansen, B ; Arnold, M ; Gibbs, M ; Davis, H (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2011-08)
    Extending research into material, media, and cultural geographies of the home, our interest turns to the spatiotemporality of dwelling with information and communication technologies. We pose a number of questions: How do inhabitants and their media stuff adapt to the more rigid physical spaces of a building? How does the building respond to the more rapid changes to dwelling produced by this media stuff? And how are these differing times synchronised? In answer to these questions we present four case studies of homes in Melbourne, Australia, each representative of a particular strategy of synchronisation. They are: the found home, the imagined home, the designed home, and the renovated home. We identify logics informing these homes: the first naturalises the choices made, the second rationalises choices, and the third is one in which dwelling and (re)building are intertwined.