School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailablePainted Larnakes of the Late Minoan III Period: Funerary Iconography and the Stimulation of Memory(Peeters Publishers, 2019)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableSoutheast Asian oil paintings: supports and preparatory layers(Archetype Books, 2008)
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ItemNo Preview AvailableEsteban Villanueva’sThe Basi Revolt paintings of Ilocos: Unlocking their material evidence(National Museum of the Philippines, 2020-11-01)The series of fourteen works that comprise Esteban Villanueva’s The Basi Revolt is examined historically and physically to have a clear idea of the paintings’ material authenticity, particularly necessary for conservation treatment. Among the questions dealt with involved the production and authorship, the extent of variation of the surface and paint layers, as well as the pigment types across all fourteen works. As The Basi Revolt is a series that depicts an important historical event in the Philippines, the course of conservation needs to be assessed as a whole, to reinstate a unified visual narrative. Methods used to attempt to answer these involved the examination of available historical records and the use of reflected raking and ultra-violet lights, microscopic magnification, and elemental analysis. To have a much stronger evidence-based understanding of The Basi Revolt, as well as of other early 19th century paintings by Filipino artists, setting up a database of the range of materials available and used during that time is essential for their conservation.
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ItemSexual and Family Violence in Europe(Cambridge University Press, 2020-01-01)In early modern Europe the killing of spouses, children or servants was a serious crime, as was the physical or sexual abuse of them. Yet convictions for what today we would call ‘domestic violence’ were rare. This chapter will analyse the understandings of gender that underpinned attitudes towards intimate violence. Male heads of households, for instance, were entitled, indeed expected, to employ physical force in order to maintain discipline amongst those under their control. The use of violence was not at issue; instead questions concerned the levels and types of violence employed. But if the head had licence to use violence, the reverse was certainly not the case: violence by dependants was widely interpreted as a form of treason. Attitudes to certain forms of intimate violence shifted significantly during 1500–1800. For instance, although rape continued to be treated primarily as a property crime and remained difficult to prove, nevertheless it also emerged increasingly as a moral offence. Regulation of illegitimacy and infanticide increased after 1500, yet by 1800 communal and judicial tolerance of the latter was on the rise. The chapter will not only highlight such gradual changes, but also seek to explain why they occurred and what they meant.
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ItemWomen, Early Modern: Society and Sociability(Springer International Publishing, 2020)Definition/Introduction: Beginning in the fifteenth century, European women began to question misogynist literature that attempted to justify their relegation to a subordinate position within society, generating the querelle des femmes. In time they developed new models of ideal social relationships between the sexes, along with concepts of society and sociability that elevated women’s social role. While the earliest defenses of women accepted women’s subjection within marriage as analogous to the legitimate subjection of citizens to their monarch, as Protestants and republicans questioned the legitimacy of arbitrary monarchical power, the justice of a husband’s rule over his wife also came into question. The concept of modernity embraced new developments in vernacular literature, hospitable to female participation, and the novel became a powerful vehicle for the articulation of egalitarian models of love and friendship between the sexes. The level of civilization of society came to be measured in relation to the social role and participation of women, and the possibility of equal friendship between the sexes outside marriage, slowly transformed into the ideal of marriage as an affective and more or less egalitarian companionship.
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ItemReason and Experience in women’s responses to Descartes and Locke(Springer, 2020-02-13)Definition/Introduction: From the nineteenth to the twentieth century, commentators characteristically divided the epistemological trends of the seventeenth century into two streams, the rationalists and empiricists. Cartesian rationalism, in particular, was associated with a distinctive form of metaphysical dualism and a sharp mind/body divide. Reason was not only claimed to be a more reliable source of knowledge than sensory experience, it provided access to an immaterial realm of immutable truths. Having been educated in this tradition, a significant group of late twentieth century feminist interpreters of early modern epistemology and metaphysics argued, from a number of perspectives, that Cartesian dualism, with its associated high evaluation of pure reason, was entangled with metaphorical and psychological tendencies that debased the bodily, sensual, emotional, and natural features of existence. The latter were marked feminine, while reason and the mind were elevated and conceptualized as masculine. These feminists argued that, at least metaphorically, rationalism excluded women. In response to such claims, other scholars pointed out that Cartesian rationalism had been attractive to many early modern women interested in philosophy, and that the idea of an immaterial mind or soul, which has no sex, fostered claims for the intellectual equality of the sexes. More recent detailed scholarship into the philosophical writings of early modern women reveals that many were, in fact, suspicious of philosophies that imposed a sharp opposition between reason and experience, or mind and body. Reading the works of these women demonstrates that even when influenced by Descartes, women philosophers questioned Cartesian forms of dualism, developing their own theories of the relationship between reason, sense perception, and knowledge. The complexity and variety of the positions they developed highlights the crudity of the historiographic tendencies to read historical texts through simple dichotomies such as rationalism and empiricism.
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ItemIntroduction: War and Memory in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus(Palgrave Macmillan, 2017-01-01)This introductory essay begins with a discussion of World War II memory in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, in light of the recent and ongoing war in Ukraine. It outlines the main contours of the interplay between “memory wars” and real war, and the important “post-Crimean” qualitative shift in local memory cultures in this connection. Next, the essay sketches out the specifics of the war memory landscapes of the region, and then of each of the three individual countries, before moving on to introduce the key organizing themes and findings of the book.
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ItemMemory, Kinship, and the Mobilization of the Dead: The Russian State and the “Immortal Regiment” Movement(Palgrave Macmillan, 2017-01-01)This chapter examines a new addition to the repertoire of Victory Day commemorative traditions in post-Soviet space: the newly invented annual “Immortal Regiment” parade, in which people march bearing photographs of their ancestors who fought in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The chapter focuses on attempts by the state authorities and their supporters to instrumentalize the new ritual and to appropriate the Red Army’s war dead, and the emotions they evoke. It explores the ways in which the figure of the dead Red Army soldier is being brought back to life in new ways as part of the current regime’s authoritarian project.
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ItemWhy do we find Bohr obscure? Reading Bohr as a philosopher of experiment(Bloomsbury Academic, 2017)Niels Bohr's philosophical view of quantum mechanics has been the subject of extensive scholarship for the better part of five decades. Yet Bohr’s writings have remained obscure, as evidenced by the variety of different scholarly interpretations of his work. In this chapter, I review the historiography of Bohr scholarship, arguing that his meaning has remained elusive because his central preoccupations lay not so much with an interpretation of the quantum-mechanical formalism, which many commentators see as the problem of quantum theory, but rather with the epistemological question of how we can acquire empirical knowledge of quantum objects by means of experiment. Bohr’s doctrine of classical concepts, I argue, is therefore best understood as a philosophy of experiment.