School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - Research Publications

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    Editorial [AICCM Bulletin, 41(2)]
    Tse, N (Taylor & Francis, 2020-04-02)
    Papers in this volume focus on geographic locations drawn from Indonesia, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Eastern borders of Australia. In these parts of the world, we all know that there is a long record of active use and conservation of material culture through traditional systems, while the professionalised practice of conservation engendered by its existence, has a relatively recent history.
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    A preliminary investigation into the influence of archaeological material on the yellowing of polyethylene storage bags
    Thompson, K ; Nel, P (Routledge, 2021)
    Concerns around the degradation of plastics have been part of conservation discourse for decades. The spotlight is usually on art and objects, and conservation and display materials, however it could be argued that a significant volume of the plastics in museums is associated with storage bags. This study asked whether the condition of plastic storage bags might be influenced by what is stored inside them. If specific materials can be identified as more likely to affect plastic degradation, museums may have a lead-indicator for efficiently monitoring storage risks. This case study developed a methodology for applying multivariate analysis to collected data to answer this question. A subset of polyethylene self-seal bags used to pack archaeological material from the ‘Casselden Place’ assemblage at Museums Victoria was evaluated. Objective data were combined with subjective assessment of bag degradation features gathered during a collection survey and interrogated using multivariate statistical analysis. Results indicate (1) different levels of yellowing are associated with particular plastic bag stocks and (2) ceramic, slate and tile finds are more likely than other materials to be contained within yellower bags. The research points to future enquiry and demonstrates this methodology shows promise for extension to other large cultural datasets.
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    The Antipodean Legacies of Atlantic Slavery
    Laidlaw, Z (History Teachers' Association of Victoria (HTAV), 2021)
    Compensation awarded to British slave-owners under the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 enabled them to redirect their Atlantic assets and practices to Australia’s burgeoning settler colonies.
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    [Review of the book Empire of Hell: Religion and the Campaign to End Convict Transportation in the British Empire, 1788-1875 by Hilary M. Carey]
    Laidlaw, Z (Cambridge University Press, 2020)
    A book review on: Empire of Hell: Religion and the Campaign to End Convict Transportation in the British Empire, 1788-1875
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    Inquiring into the Corpus of Empire
    Doherty, S ; Ford, L ; Mckenzie, K ; Parkinson, N ; Roberts, D ; Halliday, P ; Laidlaw, Z ; Lester, A ; Stern, P (University of Hawaii Press, 2021-06)
    This article tests the value of corpus linguistics in analyzing nineteenth-century commissions of inquiry into British colonies. It examines and improves the capacity of a computerized text analysis tool called the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to identify word meaning, sentiment, and psycholinguistic constructs in nineteenth-century sources. By augmenting its dictionary with nineteenth-century language and cross-checking meaning, we show that the software can code with 97% accuracy. We then demonstrate the tool's potential to explore genres of colonial writing, and to locate emotive language and language relating to power differentials in commission reports, a function we argue may provide a "way in" to assessing how commissioners treated different kinds of British subjects and their testimony in the reports.
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    Out of the madhouse: From asylums to caring community?
    Buchanan, RD (WILEY, 2021-07)
    The asylum era has occupied historians of madness for decades, but the story of deinstitutionalization has received comparatively less attention. While this complex process varied from country to country, there were common elements in the way it unfolded across the western world. Historians like to point out that deinstitutionalization was a long time coming, that the demise of the big public madhouses was grounded in their extraordinary expansion in the latter part of the 19th century. Even then, they had come in for scathing criticism suggesting they were inhumane and counterproductive. Public mental hospitals in the United States and some European countries began to empty soon after the Second World War, even before the new drugs arrived in the 1950s, partly driven by labor shortages that encouraged occupational rehabilitation. By then, psychiatrists and allied professionals had embraced the idea of a mental health continuum and shorter-term treatment in community-based services. The economic strains of the 1970s and 80s pushed the process along irreversibly, ensuring that longstanding critiques directly shaped social policy or served as convenient rationales.
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    [Review of the book Psychiatrist in the Chair: The Official Biography of Anthony Clare, by Brendan Kelly and Muiris Houston]
    Malcolm, E (Irish Studies Association of Australia and New Zealand, 2021)
    Review of: Psychiatrist in the chair: The official biography of Anthony Clare, by Brendan Kelly and Muiris Houston, Newbridge: Merrion Press, 2020, 292 pp., AU$42.34, ISBN 9781785373299.
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    The Irish Women's Liberation Movement in Dublin during the mid-1970s
    Malcolm, E (Irish Studies Association of Australia and New Zealand, 2021)
    The international movement known at the time as women’s liberation—later called second-wave feminism—emerged in Ireland at the beginning of the 1970s. The feminist activist and scholar, Ailbhe Smyth, has divided the Irish Republic’s women’s movement during that decade into three phases: mobilisation 1970–74; radicalisation 1975–7; and consolidation 1977–83.1 But these phases by no means capture the full diversity of the all-Ireland movement at the time. Experiences differed as between, for example, North and South, town and country, middle- and working-class women, gay and straight women, and those who wanted an autonomous women’s movement as opposed to those who sought to tie feminism to republicanism. Smyth’s phases do highlight the movement’s initial volatility though. Groups and campaigns came and went in rapid succession, before a degree of stability emerged towards the end of the decade.
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    Forgetting and remembering the Irish famine orphans: A critical survey
    Noone, V ; Malcolm, E (Irish Studies Association of Australia and New Zealand, 2020)
    A decade ago, while researching family history, Richard Olive of Melbourne was pleased to discover shipping records that revealed his great-grandmother, Johanna Sullivan from County Cork, had arrived in Adelaide in September 1849 on the Elgin. Noticing that she was only 15 years old, he began to search the records for her parents, only to find, to his surprise, that all the 190 passengers on the ship were teenage girls. As Richard drove his granddaughter, Eva, home from school that afternoon, he told her about his discovery. She asked him in what year Joanna Sullivan had arrived and, when he replied '1849', they both quickly realised that this was during the Great Famine. Eva said: 'Sounds to me like she was an Earl Grey orphan'. But, although Richard knew his Australian history well, he had never heard of Earl Grey-beyond it being a type of tea. Eva told him that she had come across the Earl Grey orphans in a novel she had recently read: 'Bridie's Fire', written by Kirsty Murray and published in Sydney in 2003.