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ItemPatients' experience of using primary care in the context of Indonesian universal health coverage implementation: an interpretative phenomenological analysis( 2015)Background: Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) as Indonesian universal health coverage was designed to provide people with easy access to equitable and high-quality health care through introducing primary care as the first contact medical care and as the gatekeeper to secondary care. However, during its first year of implementation, the new member recruitment was slow, less than 50% of Indonesians joined the insurance scheme and referral rates from primary to secondary care remained high. The Indonesian Ministry of Health reported that more than 10% referrals from primary care were unnecessary. There has been little research undertaken on the patient experience of accessing health care in Indonesia, nor their views of the implementation of JKN which may influence them to opt in or out from the JKN insurance. Aims: This research aimed to explore the patients’ views and experience of using primary care service in the context of JKN implementation Methods: This study used in-depth interviews with a topic guide. Patients were selected from Yogyakarta’s primary care with a maximum variation sampling approach. The data collection was conducted from October – December 2014. The data were transcribed, translated and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Result: Twenty-three patients were interviewed from eight primary care clinics in Yogyakarta. Three superordinate themes were identified as access, trust, and separation anxiety. Patients described primary care as a convenient way to access medical services, but they reported that the facilities were varied, and unequal access to services existed. Many patients regarded the primary care doctors as second class doctors who were poorly equipped to manage a serious illness. Many participants also thought the primary care doctor’s primary task as providing them with a referral to secondary care. Participants expressed considerable anxiety about the possibility that the JKN scheme would prevent them from receiving specialist care, which they viewed as more desirable than primary care. Discussion: The uptake of JKN has been limited. This study identified a mixed response to the early implementation of a gatekeeper role for primary care. Whilst participants valued the easy access to medical care in a nearby location they expressed a lack of trust in the primary care medical practitioners and a sense of anxiety about what they perceived as ‘giving up’ easy access to specialist care. If these public views are not modified it is unlikely that the full potential of the JKN scheme in primary care will be realized.