School of Languages and Linguistics - Theses
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Item« Un sport de voyous pratiqué par des gentlemen »: Une analyse de la vulnérabilité socio-émotionnelle des athlètes de rugby à XV en France( 2019)La vulnérabilité est un mot à la mode dans le monde du sport d’élite, grâce aux travaux de la chercheuse américaine Brené Brown. Elle suggère qu’il y a du mérite à considérer la vulnérabilité comme un aspect positif de la vie, et un mécanisme pour créer des groupes plus efficaces. Ce mémoire présent une analyse originale sur la vulnérabilité socio-émotionnelle dans le rugby à XV professionnel en France. En utilisant la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu, ce mémoire suggère que l’appréciation de la vulnérabilité socio-émotionnelle parmi les athlètes correspond aux résultats plus satisfaisants sur le terrain. Avec une histoire de masculinité hégémonique forte, où on idolâtre ceux qui représentent une image guerrière, et on s’oppose à tout ce qui représente l’autre, le rugby est un exemple de la force de la résistance française à l’idée d’accepter la vulnérabilité. Malgré cela, les chercheurs et les athlètes eux-mêmes croient que la vulnérabilité devient un élément plus important en créant une équipe gagnante. Ce fait est reflété dans les prédictions théoriques et la recherche de plus en plus abondante, publiées par les auteurs tels que Richard Light, Karen Hägglund, Mark Uphill et al. La recherche présentée ici a des implications profondes pour les études à l’avenir sur la vulnérabilité, dans le rugby à XV en France, et plus généralement le sport, les entreprises de haute performance, la société française et les équipes partout dans le monde.
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ItemCommunication between students: the influence of Australian students' beliefs on interaction with NESB students( 2010)Attempts to integrate international students within universities in Australia, New Zealand and the US are falling short of expectations, and it is important that research be carried out investigating ways to promote integration in and out of the classroom. Lindemann (2002) found that negative attitudes toward Korean accents were associated with ‘problematising’ and ‘avoidance’ strategies in interactions with non-native speakers in the US. Similar studies of Australian students, however, are not to be found. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of attitudes and beliefs on interactions between English first-language (L1) speakers and students with a non-English-speaking background (NESB), with a particular interest in identifying strategies used by L1 speakers in interactions with NESB students, and their contribution to task success. A questionnaire completed by 52 Australian university students showed that ‘Chinese’ was the most salient NESB student ethnic identity. Students with particularly positive and particularly negative inclinations toward NESB students completed a map task with a Chinese student in order that interactions between these students might be assessed through a discourse analysis. The analysis was based on Lindemann's model for investigating attitudes in interaction. Ultimately this study found that strategies proposed by Lindemann were present, but analysis of non-verbal cues, which Lindemann did not address, contributed to a further understanding of interaction between Australian and NESB students. In the university context, it is important to educate students in how to communicate effectively in group tasks, to promote positive expectations of communication with one another.
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ItemSpeaking from the heart: the heart in language and culture( 2010)This study takes an in-depth look at the meanings of heart in English, the idiomatic phrases and constructions involving heart, and the ways in which culturally-specific beliefs about the heart influence the meanings of heart in different languages. A multidimensional approach is employed, in which a corpus of spoken and written texts is analysed to determine the ways heart is used in naturally occurring language. An informant study was also conducted in order to investigate the conscious associations and folk models of the heart held by English speakers. Finally, a survey of Indigenous language dictionaries and literature on Indigenous ethno-medical beliefs demonstrates how the meanings of heart in different languages can reveal interesting differences in conceptualizations of the body.
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ItemWorrying and wondering: examining a case of sociophonetic variation in Melbourne speakers of Australian English( 2010)This paper takes a multi-dimensional, exploratory sociophonetic approach to examining the use of two variant pronunciations of the words worry and wonder, and their phonologically and morphologically related words (“wo-words”), by Melbourne speakers of Australian English (AusE). Traditional conceptions of variation in Australian English have relied upon the broadness continuum, first proposed by Mitchell and Delbridge (1965). More recently, though, there is a growing trend towards examining sources of variation in AusE outside the constraints of this model (See, for example, Billington, 2009; Cox, 2006; Cox & Palethorpe, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2006; Loakes, 2008a, 2008b; Loakes, Fletcher, & Hajek, 2010). The variants described in the present study contribute to this body of literature by examining data from three separate sources, enabling a clear description of the variants in phonetic terms, as well as descriptions of the speakers who use the variants under study. The two variants use two distinct phonemes – /ɐ/ and /ɔ/ – in the pronunciation of the primary stressed syllable of the target words. The study’s first phase uses data from the ANDOSL corpus, which provides evidence of both variants in a corpus collected in the early 1990s comprising data from speakers from NSW. Phases II and III use data collected from Victorian high school students. The second phase uses socio-demographic questionnaires and a self-report measure of pronunciation to demonstrate that participants (N = 198) report using the two proposed variants, and to show that use is most common to a number of groups – most notably those who have non-native speaking parents and/or grandparents, those living in the metropolitan region, and those from low and mid socioeconomic status areas. Finally, the third phase uses elicited speech production data to measure the vowels used by speakers (N = 40) in their pronunciations of the target words, enabling both impressionistic and acoustic descriptions of each of the variants. These final two phases also provide evidence of lexical and phonetic diffusion in the use of the variants which, under a usage-based model proposed by Bybee (2001), suggest that the variation under study here provides synchronic evidence of sound change in progress.