Faculty of Education - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableReflection, Evaluation and Metacognition: One Teacher’s Personal Journey(Teacher Learning Network, 2006)
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ItemChildren's mathematical thinking in different classroom cultures(NATL COUNCIL TEACHERS MATHEMATICS-NCTM, 2006-05)The relationship between normative patterns of social interaction and children's mathematical thinking was investigated in 5 classes (4 reform and 1 conventional) of 7- to 8-year-olds. In earlier studies, lessons from these classes had been analyzed for the nature of interaction broadly defined; the results indicated the existence of 4 types of classroom cultures (conventional textbook, conventional problem solving, strategy reporting, and inquiry/argument). In the current study, 42 lessons from this data resource were analyzed for children's mathematical thinking as verbalized in class discussions and for interaction patterns. These analyses were then combined to explore the relationship between interaction types and expressed mathematical thinking. The results suggest that increased complexity in children's expressed mathematical thinking was closely related to the types of interaction patterns that differentiated class discussions among the 4 classroom cultures.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAbstracting in the Context of Spontaneous Learning(SPRINGER, 2007-09)There is evidence that spontaneous learning leads to relational understanding and high positive affect. To study spontaneous abstracting, a model was constructed by combining the RBC model of abstraction with Krutetskii's mental activities. Using video-stimulated interviews, the model was then used to analyse the behaviour of two Year 8 students who had demonstrated spontaneous abstracting. The analysis highlighted the crucial role of synthetic and evaluative analysis, two processes that seem unlikely to occur under guided construction.
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ItemCommunity languages and LOTE provision in Victorian primary schools: Mix or match?(John Benjamins Publishing, 2007)Primary school languages education continues to be a challenging issue for all states in Australia. In Victoria, LOTE study is provided at the primary level to address the needs of linguistically diverse communities, as well as to provide an enriching learning experience for monolingual speakers of English. The challenge remains to ensure that programs that are run are effective, address the needs of the community and are embraced as a valuable and enriching component of the school curriculum. This study looks at the provision of LOTE in 2003 in Victorian primary schools and in particular, through an analysis of the geographical location of community groups and primary LOTE programs, how effectively community needs are being met. We also analyse the nature of LOTE programs through an examination of teachers’ qualifications, time allotment and program type. Factors identified by some schools as impinging on LOTE study at the primary level, such as literacy concerns and multilingual diversity, will also be examined.
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ItemThe rise and fall of indonesian in australian schools: implications for language policy and planning(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2007-01-01)The history of Asian language study in Australia has been about a struggle for recognition. For much of the twentieth century, xenophobia and racism ensured that few Asians were even allowed into Australia, while in the education system, the Euro-centric focus of the British-based education system only allowed for minimal study of Asia within the curriculum. In recent decades, Australia’s realisation of the political, economic and strategic importance of Asia has dramatically changed its relationship with the region. Within this evolving context, Asian languages and studies have slowly taken a greater role in the Australian education system. The National Asian Languages and Studies Strategy for Australia Schools (NALSAS) program in particular provided enormous support for four prioritised ‘Asian languages1’ – Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese and Korean. Unfortunately, the study of Indonesian has been in decline in the Australian education system in recent years. This article will draw upon language planning and policy (LPP) theory and practice, more specifically language-in-education policy theory and practice, to examine Indonesian in the Australian education system. It is a complex endeavour to explore why the study of languages, or of particular languages, increases or decreases in popularity within an education system as the LPP process involves the consideration, inter alia, of linguistic, economic, political, historical and religious issues and contexts. The focus on Indonesian however, is justified in this instance, as over 80 per cent of the decline in language enrolments in Victorian government schools between 2000 and 2005 can be attributed to decreases in Indonesian language programs... (From introduction)
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ItemMutual obligation, shared responsibility agreements & indigenous health strategy.(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2006-09-25)Since 2004 the Howard Coalition government has implemented a new policy framework and administrative arrangements as part of its program of reform in Indigenous affairs. In this paper I will describe both the parameters of this reform program and review the processes established to support the implementation of national Indigenous health strategy. In particular, I will consider both the shift from a policy framework based on 'self-determination' to one based on 'mutual obligation', and the implementation of Shared Responsibility Agreements (SRAs) that are based on the latter principle. I will use the example of the Mulan SRA to illustrate the difficulties in articulating the 'new arrangements' with current approaches to Indigenous health planning and strategy implementation. I conclude that 'new arrangements' pose a number of problems for Indigenous health planning and strategy that need to be addressed.
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ItemA Biological Model for Influenza Transmission: Pandemic Planning Implications of Asymptomatic Infection and Immunity(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2007-11-28)BACKGROUND: The clinical attack rate of influenza is influenced by prior immunity and mixing patterns in the host population, and also by the proportion of infections that are asymptomatic. This complexity makes it difficult to directly estimate R(0) from the attack rate, contributing to uncertainty in epidemiological models to guide pandemic planning. We have modelled multiple wave outbreaks of influenza from different populations to allow for changing immunity and asymptomatic infection and to make inferences about R(0). DATA AND METHODS: On the island of Tristan da Cunha (TdC), 96% of residents reported illness during an H3N2 outbreak in 1971, compared with only 25% of RAF personnel in military camps during the 1918 H1N1 pandemic. Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) methods were used to estimate model parameter distributions. FINDINGS: We estimated that most islanders on TdC were non-immune (susceptible) before the first wave, and that almost all exposures of susceptible persons caused symptoms. The median R(0) of 6.4 (95% credibility interval 3.7-10.7) implied that most islanders were exposed twice, although only a minority became ill in the second wave because of temporary protection following the first wave. In contrast, only 51% of RAF personnel were susceptible before the first wave, and only 38% of exposed susceptibles reported symptoms. R(0) in this population was also lower [2.9 (2.3-4.3)], suggesting reduced viral transmission in a partially immune population. INTERPRETATION: Our model implies that the RAF population was partially protected before the summer pandemic wave of 1918, arguably because of prior exposure to interpandemic influenza. Without such protection, each symptomatic case of influenza would transmit to between 2 and 10 new cases, with incidence initially doubling every 1-2 days. Containment of a novel virus could be more difficult than hitherto supposed.
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ItemModel answers or trivial pursuits? The role of mathematical models in influenza pandemic preparedness planning(WILEY, 2007-03)The panzootic of H5N1 influenza in birds has raised concerns that the virus will mutate to spread more readily in people, leading to a human pandemic. Mathematical models have been used to interpret past pandemics and outbreaks, and to thus model possible future pandemic scenarios and interventions. We review historical influenza outbreak and transmission data, and discuss the way in which modellers have used such sources to inform model structure and assumptions. We suggest that urban attack rates in the 1918-1919 pandemic were constrained by prior immunity, that R(0) for influenza is higher than often assumed, and that control of any future pandemic could be difficult in the absence of significant prior immunity. In future, modelling assumptions, parameter estimates and conclusions should be tested against as many relevant data sets as possible. To this end, we encourage researchers to access FluWeb, an on-line influenza database of historical pandemics and outbreaks.
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ItemNo Preview AvailableReview: The changing face of electoral politics in Sri Lanka (1994-2004) by L. Jayasuriya(Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, 2005)
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