Paediatrics (RCH) - Research Publications
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ItemNo Preview AvailableAustralian Rotavirus Surveillance Program: Annual Report, 2020(AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT, DEPT HEALTH & AGEING, 2021-11-30)The Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program together with 15 collaborating laboratories Australia-wide conducts a laboratory based rotavirus surveillance program. This report describes the genotypes of rotavirus strains responsible for the hospitalisation of children with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010, the 3rd year of surveillance following introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the National Immunisation Program. Seven hundred and seventy-eight faecal samples were referred to the centre for G and P genotype analysis using hemi-nested multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the 422 confirmed as rotavirus positive, genotype G1P[8] was the dominant type nationally, representing 49.3%, followed by genotype G2P[4] (21.1%). Genotypes G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] each represented less than 3% of circulating strains nationally. The dominance of G1P[8] was in part associated with a large outbreak of severe gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory in 2010. The identification of uncommon rotavirus genotype combinations has increased since vaccine introduction, with G1P[4], G2P[8] and G9P[4] identified during this survey. Single strains of G1P[6] and G4P[6] were identified during this study period. This survey continues to highlight the fluctuations in rotavirus genotypes, and results from this survey suggest there is limited genotype selection based on vaccine usage. However, the large G1P[8] outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory may have resulted from vaccine pressure on wild-type strains.
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ItemRotavirus Disease and Genotype Diversity in Older Children and Adults in Australia(OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2022-06-15)BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. The disease burden in older children, adults, and the elderly is underappreciated. This study describes rotavirus disease and genotypic diversity in the Australian population comprising children ≥5 years of age and adults. METHODS: Rotavirus positive fecal samples were collected from laboratories Australia-wide participating in the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program between 2010 and 2018. Rotavirus samples were genotyped using a heminested multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Notification data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System were also analyzed. RESULTS: Rotavirus disease was highest in children aged 5-9 years and adults ≥85 years. G2P[4] was the dominant genotype in the population ≥5 years of age. Genotype distribution fluctuated annually and genotypic diversity varied among different age groups. Geographical differences in genotype distribution were observed based on the rotavirus vaccine administered to infants <1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a substantial burden of rotavirus disease in the population ≥5 years of age, particularly in children 5-9 years and the elderly. This study highlights the continued need for rotavirus surveillance across the population, despite the implementation of efficacious vaccines.
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ItemThe burden of hospitalised rotavirus infections in Fiji(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2009-11-20)Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. We describe the burden of rotavirus disease and the rotavirus types causing it in the largest city in Fiji. During 2006 and 2007, 592 children under 5 years of age were admitted to hospital in Suva, Fiji with acute diarrhoea. Of the 454 children for whom a stool specimen was tested, 39% were positive for rotavirus and the predominant strain found was the serotype G3[P8]. There is a significant burden of disease due to rotavirus in Fiji and the introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the national immunization schedule may drastically reduce inpatient diarrhoeal disease.