Paediatrics (RCH) - Research Publications

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Start date: 2020 × End date: 2022 × Type: Preprint × Author: Do, Lien Anh Ha ×

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    Immune Responses in an Infant with Congenital Heart Disease and Severe COVID-19 
    Licciardi, P ; Wurzel, D ; Neeland, M ; Anderson, J ; Abo, Y-N ; Do, LAH ; Donato, C ; Bines, J ; Toh, ZQ ; Higgins, R ; Jalali, S ; Cole, T ; Subbarao, K ; McMinn, A ; Dohle, K ; Haeusler, G ; McNab, S ; Alafaci, A ; Overmars, I ; Clifford, V ; Lee, L-Y ; Daly, A ; Buttery, J ; Bryant, P ; Burgner, D ; Steer, A ; Tosif, S ; Konstantinov, I ; Duke, T ; Pellicci, D ; Crawford, N ( 2021)
    Children have lower hospitalisation and mortality rates for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) than adults; however, younger children (<4 years of age) 1 may develop more severe disease than older children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterized. We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19. Systemic cellular and cytokine profiling showed initial increase in neutrophils and monocytes with depletion of lymphoid cell populations (particularly CD8+ T and NK cells) and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Expansion of memory CD4+T (but not CD8+T) cells occurred over time, with predominant Th2 bias. Marked activation of T cell populations observed during the acute infection gradually resolved as the child recovered. Significant in vitro activation of T-cell populations and robust cytokine production, in response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, was observed 3 months after infection indicating durable, long-lived cellular immune memory.
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    Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19
    Tosif, S ; Neeland, M ; Sutton, P ; Licciardi, P ; Sarkar, S ; Selva, K ; Do, LAH ; Donato, C ; Toh, ZQ ; Higgins, R ; de Sandt, CV ; Lemke, M ; Lee, C ; Shoffner, S ; Flanagan, K ; Arnold, K ; Mordant, F ; Mulholland, K ; Bines, J ; Dohle, K ; Pellicci, D ; Curtis, N ; McNab, S ; Steer, A ; Saffery, R ; Subbarao, K ; Chung, A ; Kedzierska, K ; Burgner, D ; Crawford, N ( 2020)
    Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have mild or asymptomatic infection, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. We describe clinical features, virology, longitudinal cellular and cytokine immune profile, SARS-CoV-2-specific serology and salivary antibody responses in a family of two parents with PCR-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their three children, who were repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative. Cellular immune profiles and cytokine responses of all children were similar to their parents at all timepoints. All family members had salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected, predominantly IgA, that coincided with symptom resolution in 3 of 4 symptomatic members. Plasma from both parents and one child had IgG antibody detected against the S1 protein and virus neutralising activity ranging from just detectable to robust titers. Using a systems serology approach, we show that all family members demonstrated higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody features than healthy controls. These data indicate that children can mount an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 without virological evidence of infection. This raises the possibility that despite chronic exposure, immunity in children prevents establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relying on routine virological and serological testing may therefore not identify exposed children, with implications for epidemiological and clinical studies across the life-span.