Influenza viruses can cause severe respiratory disease and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antivirals are valuable for treatment of influenza infections and neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) ...

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate-like T cells, which are abundant in humans and also present in many mammals, including mice [1]. MAIT cells express semi-invariant T cell receptors ...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a dangerous food-borne pathogen that causes severe diseases like gastroenteritis and septicaemia. It causes over 800,000 deaths p.a. globally. The majority of the cases are caused ...

Upon activation, naive CD8 T cells undergo a program of proliferation and differentiation that results in the acquisition of effector functions. Optimal T cell activation requires the integration of multiple signals including ...

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen found in the nasal passage of 20%~30% of humans. Persistent nasal carriage of S. aureus is a significant risk factor for various diseases, including secondary ...

During infection the gastrointestinal pathogen enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) forms a characteristic lesion on the surface of infected enterocytes known as an attaching effacing lesion. Defining features of this ...

Effector proteins, and intracellular bacteria more broadly, pose a unique opportunity to not only understand bacterial pathogenesis, but also to unravel more about the cell biology behind the host processes that these ...

Pathogenic serovars of Salmonella are the causative agents of a variety of disease states, including typhoid fever, self-limiting gastroenteritis, and invasive bacteremia. To achieve infection, Salmonella relies on two ...

Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed HIV from a death sentence to a manageable chronic illness, there is still no cure and individuals living with HIV must endure lifelong therapy and continue to face stigma ...

Infection with influenza A virus remains an important issue for healthcare systems worldwide due to the direct impact of seasonal epidemics on human morbidity and mortality and also the risk of emergent pandemics. Currently, ...