Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19

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Tosif, S; Neeland, MR; Sutton, P; Licciardi, PV; Sarkar, S; Selva, KJ; Lien, AHD; Donato, C; Toh, ZQ; Higgins, R; ...Date
2020-11-11Source Title
Nature CommunicationsPublisher
NATURE RESEARCHUniversity of Melbourne Author/s
Van de Sandt, Carolien; Kedzierska, Katherine; Sutton, Philip; Saffery, Richard; Chung, Amy; Burgner, David; Licciardi, Paul; Subbarao, Kanta; Neeland, Melanie; Mordant, Francesca; ...Affiliation
Microbiology and ImmunologyPaediatrics (RCH)
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Tosif, S., Neeland, M. R., Sutton, P., Licciardi, P. V., Sarkar, S., Selva, K. J., Lien, A. H. D., Donato, C., Toh, Z. Q., Higgins, R., Van de Sandt, C., Lemke, M. M., Lee, C. Y., Shoffner, S. K., Flanagan, K. L., Arnold, K. B., Mordant, F. L., Mulholland, K., Bines, J. ,... Crawford, N. W. (2020). Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in three children of parents with symptomatic COVID-19. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 11 (1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8.Access Status
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19545-8Open Access at PMC
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7658256Abstract
Compared to adults, children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have predominantly mild or asymptomatic infections, but the underlying immunological differences remain unclear. Here, we describe clinical features, virology, longitudinal cellular, and cytokine immune profile, SARS-CoV-2-specific serology and salivary antibody responses in a family of two parents with PCR-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their three children, who tested repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative. Cellular immune profiles and cytokine responses of all children are similar to their parents at all timepoints. All family members have salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected, predominantly IgA, that coincide with symptom resolution in 3 of 4 symptomatic members. Plasma from both parents and one child have IgG antibody against the S1 protein and virus-neutralizing activity detected. Using a systems serology approach, we demonstrate higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody features of these family members compared to healthy controls. These data indicate that children can mount an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 without virological confirmation of infection, raising the possibility that immunity in children can prevent the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relying on routine virological and serological testing may not identify exposed children, with implications for epidemiological and clinical studies across the life-span.
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