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    Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Females Taking Oral Creatine Monohydrate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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    Author
    de Guingand, DL; Palmer, KR; Snow, RJ; Davies-Tuck, ML; Ellery, SJ
    Date
    2020-06-15
    Source Title
    Nutrients
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Palmer, Kirsten; DE GUINGAND, DEBORAH
    Affiliation
    Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    Surgery (RMH)
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    de Guingand, D. L., Palmer, K. R., Snow, R. J., Davies-Tuck, M. L. & Ellery, S. J. (2020). Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Females Taking Oral Creatine Monohydrate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. Nutrients, 12 (6), pp.1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061780.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/251499
    DOI
    10.3390/nu12061780
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353222
    Abstract
    Creatine Monohydrate (CrM) is a dietary supplement routinely used as an ergogenic aid for sport and training, and as a potential therapeutic aid to augment different disease processes. Despite its increased use in recent years, studies reporting potential adverse outcomes of CrM have been mostly derived from male or mixed sex populations. A systematic search was conducted, which included female participants on CrM, where adverse outcomes were reported, with meta-analysis performed where appropriate. Six hundred and fifty-six studies were identified where creatine supplementation was the primary intervention; fifty-eight were female only studies (9%). Twenty-nine studies monitored for adverse outcomes, with 951 participants. There were no deaths or serious adverse outcomes reported. There were no significant differences in total adverse events, (risk ratio (RR) 1.24 (95% CI 0.51, 2.98)), gastrointestinal events, (RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.53, 2.24)), or weight gain, (mean difference (MD) 1.24 kg pre-intervention, (95% CI -0.34, 2.82)) to 1.37 kg post-intervention (95% CI -0.50, 3.23)), in CrM supplemented females, when stratified by dosing regimen and subject to meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was reported in measures of renal or hepatic function. In conclusion, mortality and serious adverse events are not associated with CrM supplementation in females. Nor does the use of creatine supplementation increase the risk of total adverse outcomes, weight gain or renal and hepatic complications in females. However, all future studies of creatine supplementation in females should consider surveillance and comprehensive reporting of adverse outcomes to better inform participants and health professionals involved in future trials.

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