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    Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines

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    Author
    Flanagan, KL; Best, E; Crawford, NW; Giles, M; Koirala, A; Macartney, K; Russell, F; Teh, BW; Wen, SCH
    Date
    2020-10-02
    Source Title
    Frontiers in Immunology
    Publisher
    FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Teh, Benjamin; Russell, Fiona; Crawford, Nigel
    Affiliation
    Paediatrics (RCH)
    Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Flanagan, K. L., Best, E., Crawford, N. W., Giles, M., Koirala, A., Macartney, K., Russell, F., Teh, B. W. & Wen, S. C. H. (2020). Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/251733
    DOI
    10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250
    Abstract
    There are currently around 200 SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials throughout the world. The various candidates employ a range of vaccine strategies including some novel approaches. Currently, the goal is to prove that they are safe and immunogenic in humans (phase 1/2 studies) with several now advancing into phase 2 and 3 trials to demonstrate efficacy and gather comprehensive data on safety. It is highly likely that many vaccines will be shown to stimulate antibody and T cell responses in healthy individuals and have an acceptable safety profile, but the key will be to confirm that they protect against COVID-19. There is much hope that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be rolled out to the entire world to contain the pandemic and avert its most damaging impacts. However, in all likelihood this will initially require a targeted approach toward key vulnerable groups. Collaborative efforts are underway to ensure manufacturing can occur at the unprecedented scale and speed required to immunize billions of people. Ensuring deployment also occurs equitably across the globe will be critical. Careful evaluation and ongoing surveillance for safety will be required to address theoretical concerns regarding immune enhancement seen in previous contexts. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. We provide details of some of the frontrunner vaccines and discuss potential issues including adverse effects, scale-up and delivery.

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