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    Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward

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    Author
    Poulton, A; Hester, R
    Date
    2020-10-01
    Source Title
    Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
    Publisher
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Poulton, Antoinette; Hester, Robert; Poulton, Antoinette
    Affiliation
    Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Poulton, A. & Hester, R. (2020). Transition to substance use disorders: impulsivity for reward and learning from reward. SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE, 15 (10), pp.1182-1191. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz077.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/251956
    DOI
    10.1093/scan/nsz077
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657456
    Abstract
    Substance dependence constitutes a profound societal burden. Although large numbers of individuals use licit or illicit substances, few transition to dependence. The specific factors influencing this transition are not well understood. Substance-dependent individuals tend to be swayed by the immediate rewards of drug taking, but are often insensitive to delayed negative consequences of their behavior. Dependence is consequently associated with impulsivity for reward and atypical learning from feedback. Behavioral impulsivity is indexed using tasks measuring spontaneous decision-making and capacity to control impulses. While evidence indicates drug taking exacerbates behavioral impulsivity for reward, animal and human studies of drug naïve populations demonstrate it might precede any drug-related problems. Research suggests dependent individuals are also more likely to learn from rewarding (relative to punishing) feedback. This may partly explain why substance-dependent individuals fail to modify their behavior in response to negative outcomes. This enhanced learning from reward may constitute a further pre-existing risk factor for substance dependence. Although impulsivity for reward and preferential learning from rewarding feedback are both underpinned by a compromised dopaminergic system, few studies have examined the relationship between these two mechanisms. The interplay of these processes may help enrich understanding of why some individuals transition to substance dependence.

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