Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Chloroquine in aPlasmodium vivaxVolunteer Infection Study

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Abd-Rahman, AN; Marquart, L; Gobeau, N; Kummel, A; Simpson, JA; Chalon, S; Mohrle, JJ; McCarthy, JSDate
2020-07-02Source Title
Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsPublisher
WILEYUniversity of Melbourne Author/s
Simpson, JulieAffiliation
Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthMetadata
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Abd-Rahman, A. N., Marquart, L., Gobeau, N., Kummel, A., Simpson, J. A., Chalon, S., Mohrle, J. J. & McCarthy, J. S. (2020). Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Chloroquine in aPlasmodium vivaxVolunteer Infection Study. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, 108 (5), pp.1055-1066. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1893.Access Status
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10.1002/cpt.1893Abstract
Chloroquine has been used for the treatment of malaria for > 70 years; however, chloroquine pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile in Plasmodium vivax malaria is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the PK/PD relationship of chloroquine and its major metabolite, desethylchloroquine, in a P. vivax volunteer infection study. We analyzed data from 24 healthy subjects who were inoculated with blood-stage P. vivax malaria and administered a standard treatment course of chloroquine. The PK of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine was described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The relationship between plasma and whole blood concentrations of chloroquine and P. vivax parasitemia was characterized by a PK/PD delayed response model, where the equilibration half-lives were 32.7 hours (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.4-40.5) for plasma data and 24.1 hours (95% CI 19.0-32.7) for whole blood data. The estimated parasite multiplication rate was 17 folds per 48 hours (95% CI 14-20) and maximum parasite killing rate by chloroquine was 0.213 hour-1 (95% CI 0.196-0.230), translating to a parasite clearance half-life of 4.5 hours (95% CI 4.1-5.0) and a parasite reduction ratio of 400 every 48 hours (95% CI 320-500). This is the first study that characterized the PK/PD relationship between chloroquine plasma and whole blood concentrations and P. vivax clearance using a semimechanistic population PK/PD modeling. This PK/PD model can be used to optimize dosing scenarios and to identify optimal dosing regimens for chloroquine where resistance to chloroquine is increasing.
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