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    Self-control, future orientation, smoking, and the impact of Dutch tobacco control measures.

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    7
    Author
    Daly, M; Delaney, L; Baumeister, RF
    Date
    2015-06
    Source Title
    Addictive Behaviors Reports
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Baumeister, Roy
    Affiliation
    Melbourne Graduate School of Education
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Daly, M., Delaney, L. & Baumeister, R. F. (2015). Self-control, future orientation, smoking, and the impact of Dutch tobacco control measures.. Addict Behav Rep, 1, pp.89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2015.07.002.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/253277
    DOI
    10.1016/j.abrep.2015.07.002
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5845984
    Abstract
    Introduction: The pronounced discrepancy between smokers' intentions to quit and their smoking behavior has led researchers to suggest that many smokers are time inconsistent, have self-control problems, and may benefit from external efforts to constrain their consumption. This study aims to test whether self-control and future orientation predict smoking levels and to identify if these traits modify how cigarette consumption responds to the introduction of tobacco control measures. Methods: A sample of Dutch adults (N = 1585) completed a measure of self-control and the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS) in 2001 and indicated their tobacco consumption each year from 2001 to 2007. In 2004, a workplace smoking ban and substantial tax increase on tobacco was introduced in the Netherlands. To identify the potential impact of these tobacco control measures we examined whether participants smoked or were heavy smokers (20 + cigarettes per day) each year from 2001 to 2007. Results: Participants with high self-control and CFCS scores showed lower rates of smoking across the seven year period of the study. The 2004 smoking restrictions were linked with a subsequent decline in heavy smoking. This decline was moderated by self-control levels. Those with low self-control showed a large reduction in heavy smoking whereas those with high self-control did not. The effects were, however, temporary: many people with low self-control resumed heavy smoking 2-3 years after the introduction of the tobacco restrictions. Conclusions: The immediate costs which national tobacco control measures impose on smokers may assist smokers with poor self-control in reducing their cigarette consumption.

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