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    Cryptosporidium viatorum from the native Australian swamp rat Rattus lutreolus - An emerging zoonotic pathogen?

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    Author
    Koehler, AV; Wang, T; Haydon, SR; Gasser, RB
    Date
    2018-04-01
    Source Title
    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
    Publisher
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Gasser, Robin; Koehler, Anson; Wang, Tao
    Affiliation
    Veterinary Biosciences
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Koehler, A. V., Wang, T., Haydon, S. R. & Gasser, R. B. (2018). Cryptosporidium viatorum from the native Australian swamp rat Rattus lutreolus - An emerging zoonotic pathogen?. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE, 7 (1), pp.18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.01.004.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/253443
    DOI
    10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.01.004
    Abstract
    Cryptosporidium viatorum is a globally distributed pathogenic species of Cryptosporidium that has only ever been recorded from humans, until now. For the first time, we molecularly characterised a novel subtype of C. viatorum (subtype XVbA2G1) from the endemic Australian swamp rat (Rattus lutreolus) using the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene and then subtyped it using the 60-kilodalton glycoprotein (gp60) gene. In total, faecal samples from 21 swamp rats (three were positive for C. viatorum), three broad toothed rats (Mastacomys fuscus) and two bush rats (Rattus fuscipes) were tested for Cryptosporidium. The long-term, isolated nature of the swamp rat population in Melbourne's drinking water catchment system (where public access is prohibited), the lack of C. viatorum from other mammals and birds living within the vicinity of this system and its genetic distinctiveness in both the SSU and gp60 gene sequences from other species of Cryptosporidium collectively suggest that C. viatorum might be endemic to native rats in Australia. The current state of knowledge of epidemiological surveys of Cryptosporidium of rats and the zoonotic potential are further discussed in light of the finding of C. viatorum. Long-term studies, with the capacity to repetitively sample a variety of hosts in multiple localities, in different seasons and years, will allow for greater insight into the epidemiological patterns and zoonotic potential of rare Cryptosporidium species such as C. viatorum.

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