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    Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease

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    Author
    Tang, A; Caballero, AR; Bierdeman, MA; Marquart, ME; Foster, TJ; Monk, IR; O'Callaghan, RJ
    Date
    2019-01-01
    Source Title
    Pathogens
    Publisher
    MDPI
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Monk, Ian
    Affiliation
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Tang, A., Caballero, A. R., Bierdeman, M. A., Marquart, M. E., Foster, T. J., Monk, I. R. & O'Callaghan, R. J. (2019). Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease. PATHOGENS, 8 (1), https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010002.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/253451
    DOI
    10.3390/pathogens8010002
    Abstract
    Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of corneal infections that can cause reduced vision, even blindness. Secreted toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation resulting in scars that lead to vision loss. Identifying tissue damaging proteins is a prerequisite to limiting these harmful reactions. The present study characterized a previously unrecognized S. aureus toxin. This secreted toxin was purified from strain Newman ΔhlaΔhlg, the N-terminal sequence determined, the gene cloned, and the purified recombinant protein was tested in the rabbit cornea. The virulence of a toxin deletion mutant was compared to its parent and the mutant after gene restoration (rescue strain). The toxin (23 kDa) had an N-terminal sequence matching the Newman superantigen-like protein SSL1. An SSL1 homodimer (46 kDa) had proteolytic activity as demonstrated by zymography and cleavage of a synthetic substrate, collagens, and cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-8); the protease was susceptible to serine protease inhibitors. As compared to the parent and rescue strains, the ssl1 mutant had significantly reduced virulence, but not reduced bacterial growth, in vivo. The ocular isolates tested had the ssl1 gene, with allele type 2 being the predominant type. SSL1 is a protease with corneal virulence and activity on host defense and structural proteins.

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