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    Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis

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    Author
    McGrath, S; Zhao, X; Steele, R; Thombs, BD; Benedetti, A; Levis, B; Riehm, KE; Saadat, N; Levis, AW; Azar, M; ...
    Date
    2020-09-01
    Source Title
    Statistical Methods in Medical Research
    Publisher
    SAGE Publications
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Butterworth, Peter
    Affiliation
    Psychiatry
    Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences
    Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    McGrath, S., Zhao, X., Steele, R., Thombs, B. D., Benedetti, A., Levis, B., Riehm, K. E., Saadat, N., Levis, A. W., Azar, M., Rice, D. B., Sun, Y., Krishnan, A., He, C., Wu, Y., Bhandari, P. M., Neupane, D., Imran, M., Boruff, J. ,... Zhang, Y. (2020). Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from commonly reported quantiles in meta-analysis. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 29 (9), pp.2520-2537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280219889080.
    Access Status
    Access this item via the Open Access location
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/254026
    DOI
    10.1177/0962280219889080
    Open Access URL
    http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/158092/8/Sample_mean_meta-analysis_2020_pre-print.pdf
    Abstract
    Researchers increasingly use meta-analysis to synthesize the results of several studies in order to estimate a common effect. When the outcome variable is continuous, standard meta-analytic approaches assume that the primary studies report the sample mean and standard deviation of the outcome. However, when the outcome is skewed, authors sometimes summarize the data by reporting the sample median and one or both of (i) the minimum and maximum values and (ii) the first and third quartiles, but do not report the mean or standard deviation. To include these studies in meta-analysis, several methods have been developed to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation from the reported summary data. A major limitation of these widely used methods is that they assume that the outcome distribution is normal, which is unlikely to be tenable for studies reporting medians. We propose two novel approaches to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation when data are suspected to be non-normal. Our simulation results and empirical assessments show that the proposed methods often perform better than the existing methods when applied to non-normal data.

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