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    The application of RNA sequencing for the diagnosis and genomic classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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    Author
    Brown, LM; Lonsdale, A; Zhu, A; Davidson, NM; Schmidt, B; Hawkins, A; Wallach, E; Martin, M; Mechinaud, FM; Khaw, SL; ...
    Date
    2020-03-10
    Source Title
    Blood Advances
    Publisher
    AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Khaw, Seong; Ekert, Paul; Majewski, Ian; Davidson, Nadia; Ludlow, Louise; Oshlack, Alicia; Lonsdale, Andrew
    Affiliation
    School of BioSciences
    Paediatrics (RCH)
    Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology
    Medical Biology (W.E.H.I.)
    School of Physics
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Brown, L. M., Lonsdale, A., Zhu, A., Davidson, N. M., Schmidt, B., Hawkins, A., Wallach, E., Martin, M., Mechinaud, F. M., Khaw, S. L., Bartolo, R. C., Ludlow, L. E. A., Challis, J., Brooks, I., Petrovic, V., Venn, N. C., Sutton, R., Majewski, I. J., Oshlack, A. & Ekert, P. G. (2020). The application of RNA sequencing for the diagnosis and genomic classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BLOOD ADVANCES, 4 (5), pp.930-942. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001008.
    Access Status
    Access this item via the Open Access location
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/254172
    DOI
    10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001008
    Open Access URL
    http://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001008
    NHMRC Grant code
    NHMRC/1140626
    Abstract
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, and implementation of risk-adapted therapy has been instrumental in the dramatic improvements in clinical outcomes. A key to risk-adapted therapies includes the identification of genomic features of individual tumors, including chromosome number (for hyper- and hypodiploidy) and gene fusions, notably ETV6-RUNX1, TCF3-PBX1, and BCR-ABL1 in B-cell ALL (B-ALL). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of large ALL cohorts has expanded the number of recurrent gene fusions recognized as drivers in ALL, and identification of these new entities will contribute to refining ALL risk stratification. We used RNA-seq on 126 ALL patients from our clinical service to test the utility of including RNA-seq in standard-of-care diagnostic pipelines to detect gene rearrangements and IKZF1 deletions. RNA-seq identified 86% of rearrangements detected by standard-of-care diagnostics. KMT2A (MLL) rearrangements, although usually identified, were the most commonly missed by RNA-seq as a result of low expression. RNA-seq identified rearrangements that were not detected by standard-of-care testing in 9 patients. These were found in patients who were not classifiable using standard molecular assessment. We developed an approach to detect the most common IKZF1 deletion from RNA-seq data and validated this using an RQ-PCR assay. We applied an expression classifier to identify Philadelphia chromosome-like B-ALL patients. T-ALL proved a rich source of novel gene fusions, which have clinical implications or provide insights into disease biology. Our experience shows that RNA-seq can be implemented within an individual clinical service to enhance the current molecular diagnostic risk classification of ALL.

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