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    Trajectories of Mini-Mental State Examination Scores over the Lifespan in General Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

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    Author
    Nagaratnam, JM; Sharmin, S; Diker, A; Lim, WK; Maier, AB
    Date
    2020-05-06
    Source Title
    Clinical Gerontologist: the journal of aging and mental health
    Publisher
    ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Maier, Andrea; Lim, Wen; Sharmin, Sifat
    Affiliation
    Medicine and Radiology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Nagaratnam, J. M., Sharmin, S., Diker, A., Lim, W. K. & Maier, A. B. (2020). Trajectories of Mini-Mental State Examination Scores over the Lifespan in General Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis. CLINICAL GERONTOLOGIST, https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2020.1756021.
    Access Status
    Access this item via the Open Access location
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/254183
    DOI
    10.1080/07317115.2020.1756021
    Open Access URL
    http://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2020.1756021
    Abstract
    Objectives: Over the lifespan cumulative changes to the brain lead to cognitive decline and eventually to dementia in 20-25% of adults 85 years and older. A commonly used screening tool for cognitive function is the Standard 30 point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Though the MMSE is used to screen for dementia, little is known about the changes in scores over the lifespan in general populations.Method: A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published from January 1, 2007 to May 25, 2017. Articles were included if they had a longitudinal design reporting at least two MMSE scores. A mixed-effect meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of age on MMSE score followed by a change-point regression analysis determining the age at which MMSE declines.Results: 45 articles including 58,939 individuals (age range 18-108 years, 61.2% female) summarized 222 MMSE point estimates from 35 cohorts. The meta-regression demonstrated a significant decrease in MMSE scores with higher age (regression coefficient of age: -0.10 (Confidence Interval (CI) -0.15, -0.05)). The average annual decline in MMSE scores identified by the change-point analysis at the age of 41 years and 84 years were -0.04 (95% CI: -0.05, -0.03) and -0.53 (95% CI: -0.55, -0.50), respectively.Conclusions: Between the age of 29 and 105 years MMSE scores decline, with the highest decline between age 84 and 105 years.Clinical Implementations: The use of MMSE should be restricted to higher age categories in aging general populations.

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