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    Higher parental occupational social contact is associated with a reduced risk of incident pediatric type 1 diabetes: Mediation through molecular enteroviral indices

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    Author
    Ponsonby, A-L; Pezic, A; Cameron, FJ; Rodda, C; Kemp, AS; Carlin, JB; Hyoty, H; Sioofy-Khojine, A; Dwyer, T; Ellis, JA; ...
    Date
    2018-04-17
    Source Title
    PLoS One
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Cameron, Fergus; Carlin, John; Ponsonby, Anne-Louise; Rodda, Christine; KEMP, ANDREW; Dwyer, Terence; Ellis, Justine
    Affiliation
    Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
    Paediatrics (RCH)
    Medical Education
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Ponsonby, A. -L., Pezic, A., Cameron, F. J., Rodda, C., Kemp, A. S., Carlin, J. B., Hyoty, H., Sioofy-Khojine, A., Dwyer, T., Ellis, J. A. & Craig, M. E. (2018). Higher parental occupational social contact is associated with a reduced risk of incident pediatric type 1 diabetes: Mediation through molecular enteroviral indices. PLOS ONE, 13 (4), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193992.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/254764
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pone.0193992
    Abstract
    We aimed to examine the association between parental occupational social contact and hygiene factors on type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and possible mediation of these effects through child enteroviral infection. We interviewed 333 incident T1D cases and 660 controls from 2008-2011 in Melbourne, Australia. Enteroviral indices (ribonucleic acid by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Coxsackie B virus antibody levels) in peripheral blood were measured in nested case control samples. Parent occupational social contact was assessed by the number of well or sick children, adults or animals contacted daily through work. Higher parental occupational social contact was strongly associated with reduced T1D risk with evidence of dose response (contact with the well or sick score, Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) per category: 0.73 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.66, 0.81); P<0.001 or AOR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.75); P<0.001) respectively). Nine of the ten parental social contact indices, were significant mediated through one or more enteroviral indices. The strength of association between enterovirus presence and T1D onset increased with child age (1.2 fold increase per year; P = 0.05). Lower child hand hygiene enhanced the adverse effect of low parental occupational contact with the sick; Synergy Index 5.16 (95% CI: 3.61, 7.36). The interaction between hand washing and parental occupational contact is more consistent with protection against parental enteroviral shedding than the sharing of a protective infectious agent or microbiome.

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