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    The anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of the monetary incentive delay task

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    Author
    Oldham, S; Murawski, C; Fornito, A; Youssef, G; Yucel, M; Lorenzetti, V
    Date
    2018-08-01
    Source Title
    Human Brain Mapping
    Publisher
    WILEY
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Fornito, Alexander; Yucel, Murat; Murawski, Carsten
    Affiliation
    Finance
    Psychiatry
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Oldham, S., Murawski, C., Fornito, A., Youssef, G., Yucel, M. & Lorenzetti, V. (2018). The anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of the monetary incentive delay task. HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, 39 (8), pp.3398-3418. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24184.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/254895
    DOI
    10.1002/hbm.24184
    Abstract
    The processing of rewards and losses are crucial to everyday functioning. Considerable interest has been attached to investigating the anticipation and outcome phases of reward and loss processing, but results to date have been inconsistent. It is unclear if anticipation and outcome of a reward or loss recruit similar or distinct brain regions. In particular, while the striatum has widely been found to be active when anticipating a reward, whether it activates in response to the anticipation of losses as well remains ambiguous. Furthermore, concerning the orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions, activation is often observed during reward receipt. However, it is unclear if this area is active during reward anticipation as well. We ran an Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of 50 fMRI studies, which used the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), to identify which brain regions are implicated in the anticipation of rewards, anticipation of losses, and the receipt of reward. Anticipating rewards and losses recruits overlapping areas including the striatum, insula, amygdala and thalamus, suggesting that a generalised neural system initiates motivational processes independent of valence. The orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal regions were recruited only during the reward outcome, likely representing the value of the reward received. Our findings help to clarify the neural substrates of the different phases of reward and loss processing, and advance neurobiological models of these processes.

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