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    Alterations in cortical thickness development in preterm-born individuals: Implications for high-order cognitive functions.

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    Author
    Nam, KW; Castellanos, N; Simmons, A; Froudist-Walsh, S; Allin, MP; Walshe, M; Murray, RM; Evans, A; Muehlboeck, J-S; Nosarti, C
    Date
    2015-07-15
    Source Title
    NeuroImage
    Publisher
    Elsevier BV
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Murray, Robin
    Affiliation
    Medical Education
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Nam, K. W., Castellanos, N., Simmons, A., Froudist-Walsh, S., Allin, M. P., Walshe, M., Murray, R. M., Evans, A., Muehlboeck, J. -S. & Nosarti, C. (2015). Alterations in cortical thickness development in preterm-born individuals: Implications for high-order cognitive functions.. Neuroimage, 115, pp.64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.015.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255322
    DOI
    10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.015
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4463853
    Abstract
    Very preterm birth (gestational age <33 weeks) is associated with alterations in cortical thickness and with neuropsychological/behavioural impairments. Here we studied cortical thickness in very preterm born individuals and controls in mid-adolescence (mean age 15 years) and beginning of adulthood (mean age 20 years), as well as longitudinal changes between the two time points. Using univariate approaches, we showed both increases and decreases in cortical thickness in very preterm born individuals compared to controls. Specifically (1) very preterm born adolescents displayed extensive areas of greater cortical thickness, especially in occipitotemporal and prefrontal cortices, differences which decreased substantially by early adulthood; (2) at both time points, very preterm-born participants showed smaller cortical thickness, especially in parahippocampal and insular regions. We then employed a multivariate approach (support vector machine) to study spatially discriminating features between the two groups, which achieved a mean accuracy of 86.5%. The spatially distributed regions in which cortical thickness best discriminated between the groups (top 5%) included temporal, occipitotemporal, parietal and prefrontal cortices. Within these spatially distributed regions (top 1%), longitudinal changes in cortical thickness in left temporal pole, right occipitotemporal gyrus and left superior parietal lobe were significantly associated with scores on language-based tests of executive function. These results describe alterations in cortical thickness development in preterm-born individuals in their second decade of life, with implications for high-order cognitive processing.

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