University Library
  • Login
A gateway to Melbourne's research publications
Minerva Access is the University's Institutional Repository. It aims to collect, preserve, and showcase the intellectual output of staff and students of the University of Melbourne for a global audience.
View Item 
  • Minerva Access
  • Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences
  • Melbourne Medical School
  • Paediatrics (RCH)
  • Paediatrics (RCH) - Research Publications
  • View Item
  • Minerva Access
  • Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences
  • Melbourne Medical School
  • Paediatrics (RCH)
  • Paediatrics (RCH) - Research Publications
  • View Item
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Epidemiology and risk factors for typhoid fever in Central Division, Fiji, 2014-2017: A case-control study

    Thumbnail
    Download
    Published version (1.409Mb)

    Citations
    Scopus
    Web of Science
    Altmetric
    7
    8
    Author
    Prasad, N; Jenkins, AP; Naucukidi, L; Rosa, V; Sahu-Khan, A; Kama, M; Jenkins, KM; Jenney, AWJ; Jack, SJ; Saha, D; ...
    Date
    2018-06-01
    Source Title
    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Mulholland, Edward; Jenney, Adam; Strugnell, Richard
    Affiliation
    Paediatrics (RCH)
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Prasad, N., Jenkins, A. P., Naucukidi, L., Rosa, V., Sahu-Khan, A., Kama, M., Jenkins, K. M., Jenney, A. W. J., Jack, S. J., Saha, D., Horwitz, P., Jupiter, S. D., Strugnell, R. A., Mulholland, E. K. & Crump, J. A. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors for typhoid fever in Central Division, Fiji, 2014-2017: A case-control study. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 12 (6), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006571.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255346
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pntd.0006571
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is endemic in Fiji, with high reported annual incidence. We sought to identify the sources and modes of transmission of typhoid fever in Fiji with the aim to inform disease control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identified and surveyed patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever from January 2014 through January 2017. For each typhoid fever case we matched two controls by age interval, gender, ethnicity, and residential area. Univariable and multivariable analysis were used to evaluate associations between exposures and risk for typhoid fever. We enrolled 175 patients with typhoid fever and 349 controls. Of the cases, the median (range) age was 29 (2-67) years, 86 (49%) were male, and 84 (48%) lived in a rural area. On multivariable analysis, interrupted water availability (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-4.00), drinking surface water in the last 2 weeks (OR = 3.61; 95% CI 1.44-9.06), eating unwashed produce (OR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.48-4.91), and having an unimproved or damaged sanitation facility (OR = 4.30; 95% CI 1.14-16.21) were significantly associated with typhoid fever. Frequent handwashing after defecating (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.93) and using soap for handwashing (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.37-0.95) were independently associated with a lower odds of typhoid fever. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sanitation facilities appear to be a major source of Salmonella Typhi in Fiji, with transmission by drinking contaminated surface water and consuming unwashed produce. Improved sanitation facilities and protection of surface water sources and produce from contamination by human feces are likely to contribute to typhoid control in Fiji.

    Export Reference in RIS Format     

    Endnote

    • Click on "Export Reference in RIS Format" and choose "open with... Endnote".

    Refworks

    • Click on "Export Reference in RIS Format". Login to Refworks, go to References => Import References


    Collections
    • Minerva Elements Records [45689]
    • Microbiology & Immunology - Research Publications [1555]
    • Paediatrics (RCH) - Research Publications [1852]
    Minerva AccessDepositing Your Work (for University of Melbourne Staff and Students)NewsFAQs

    BrowseCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects
    My AccountLoginRegister
    StatisticsMost Popular ItemsStatistics by CountryMost Popular Authors