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    Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines

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    Author
    Blaser, AR; Starkopf, J; Alhazzani, W; Berger, MM; Casaer, MP; Deane, AM; Fruhwald, S; Hiesmayr, M; Ichai, C; Jakob, SM; ...
    Date
    2017-03-01
    Source Title
    Intensive Care Medicine
    Publisher
    SPRINGER
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Deane, Adam
    Affiliation
    Medicine and Radiology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Blaser, A. R., Starkopf, J., Alhazzani, W., Berger, M. M., Casaer, M. P., Deane, A. M., Fruhwald, S., Hiesmayr, M., Ichai, C., Jakob, S. M., Loudet, C. I., Malbrain, M. L. N. G., Gonzalez, J. C. M., Paugam-Burtz, C., Poeze, M., Preiser, J. -C., Singer, P., Van Zanten, A. R. H., De Waele, J. ,... Oudemans-van Straaten, H. M. (2017). Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines. INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE, 43 (3), pp.380-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4665-0.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255387
    DOI
    10.1007/s00134-016-4665-0
    Abstract
    PURPOSE: To provide evidence-based guidelines for early enteral nutrition (EEN) during critical illness. METHODS: We aimed to compare EEN vs. early parenteral nutrition (PN) and vs. delayed EN. We defined "early" EN as EN started within 48 h independent of type or amount. We listed, a priori, conditions in which EN is often delayed, and performed systematic reviews in 24 such subtopics. If sufficient evidence was available, we performed meta-analyses; if not, we qualitatively summarized the evidence and based our recommendations on expert opinion. We used the GRADE approach for guideline development. The final recommendations were compiled via Delphi rounds. RESULTS: We formulated 17 recommendations favouring initiation of EEN and seven recommendations favouring delaying EN. We performed five meta-analyses: in unselected critically ill patients, and specifically in traumatic brain injury, severe acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal (GI) surgery and abdominal trauma. EEN reduced infectious complications in unselected critically ill patients, in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and after GI surgery. We did not detect any evidence of superiority for early PN or delayed EN over EEN. All recommendations are weak because of the low quality of evidence, with several based only on expert opinion. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest using EEN in the majority of critically ill under certain precautions. In the absence of evidence, we suggest delaying EN in critically ill patients with uncontrolled shock, uncontrolled hypoxaemia and acidosis, uncontrolled upper GI bleeding, gastric aspirate >500 ml/6 h, bowel ischaemia, bowel obstruction, abdominal compartment syndrome, and high-output fistula without distal feeding access.

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