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    Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood exposure to secondhand smoke before and after smoke-free legislation in three UK countries

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    Author
    Moore, GF; Currie, D; Gilmore, G; Holliday, JC; Moore, L
    Date
    2012-12-01
    Source Title
    Journal of Public Health
    Publisher
    OXFORD UNIV PRESS
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Moore, Laurence
    Affiliation
    Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Moore, G. F., Currie, D., Gilmore, G., Holliday, J. C. & Moore, L. (2012). Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood exposure to secondhand smoke before and after smoke-free legislation in three UK countries. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 34 (4), pp.599-608. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fds025.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255424
    DOI
    10.1093/pubmed/fds025
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is higher among lower socioeconomic status (SES) children. Legislation restricting smoking in public places has been associated with reduced childhood SHS exposure and increased smoke-free homes. This paper examines socioeconomic patterning in these changes. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional survey of 10 867 schoolchildren in 304 primary schools in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Children provided saliva for cotinine assay, completing questionnaires before and 12 months after legislation. RESULTS: SHS exposure was highest, and private smoking restrictions least frequently reported, among lower SES children. Proportions of saliva samples containing <0.1 ng/ml (i.e. undetectable) cotinine increased from 31.0 to 41.0%. Although across the whole SES spectrum, there was no evidence of displacement of smoking into the home or increased SHS exposure, socioeconomic inequality in the likelihood of samples containing detectable levels of cotinine increased. Among children from the poorest families, 96.9% of post-legislation samples contained detectable cotinine, compared with 38.2% among the most affluent. Socioeconomic gradients at higher exposure levels remained unchanged. Among children from the poorest families, one in three samples contained >3 ng/ml cotinine. Smoking restrictions in homes and cars increased, although socioeconomic patterning remained. CONCLUSIONS: Urgent action is needed to reduce inequalities in SHS exposure. Such action should include emphasis on reducing smoking in cars and homes.

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