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    Preclinical Development and Production of Virus-Like Particles As Vaccine Candidates for Hepatitis C

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    Author
    Masavuli, MG; Wijesundara, DK; Torresi, J; Gowans, EJ; Grubor-Bauk, B
    Date
    2017-12-05
    Source Title
    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Publisher
    FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Torresi, Joseph
    Affiliation
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Masavuli, M. G., Wijesundara, D. K., Torresi, J., Gowans, E. J. & Grubor-Bauk, B. (2017). Preclinical Development and Production of Virus-Like Particles As Vaccine Candidates for Hepatitis C. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, 8 (DEC), https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02413.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255451
    DOI
    10.3389/fmicb.2017.02413
    Abstract
    Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infects 2% of the world's population and is the leading cause of liver disease and liver transplantation. It poses a serious and growing worldwide public health problem that will only be partially addressed with the introduction of new antiviral therapies. However, these treatments will not prevent re-infection particularly in high risk populations. The introduction of a HCV vaccine has been predicted, using simulation models in a high risk population, to have a significant effect on reducing the incidence of HCV. A vaccine with 50 to 80% efficacy targeted to high-risk intravenous drug users could dramatically reduce HCV incidence in this population. Virus like particles (VLPs) are composed of viral structural proteins which self-assemble into non-infectious particles that lack genetic material and resemble native viruses. Thus, VLPs represent a safe and highly immunogenic vaccine delivery platform able to induce potent adaptive immune responses. Currently, many VLP-based vaccines have entered clinical trials, while licensed VLP vaccines for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) have been in use for many years. The HCV core, E1 and E2 proteins can self-assemble into immunogenic VLPs while inclusion of HCV antigens into heterogenous (chimeric) VLPs is also a promising approach. These VLPs are produced using different expression systems such as bacterial, yeast, mammalian, plant, or insect cells. Here, this paper will review HCV VLP-based vaccines and their immunogenicity in animal models as well as the different expression systems used in their production.

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