Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia

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Zhou, F-C; Wang, C-Y; Ungvari, GS; Ng, CH; Zhou, Y; Zhang, L; Zhou, J; Shum, DHK; Man, D; Liu, D-T; ...Date
2017-02-28Source Title
PLoS OnePublisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCEUniversity of Melbourne Author/s
Ng, CheeAffiliation
PsychiatryMetadata
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Zhou, F. -C., Wang, C. -Y., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Zhou, J., Shum, D. H. K., Man, D., Liu, D. -T., Li, J. & Xiang, Y. -T. (2017). Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia. PLOS ONE, 12 (2), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172114.Access Status
Open AccessAbstract
This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (PM) and the association with clinical factors at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Thirty-two FES patients recruited from a university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in Beijing and 17 healthy community controls (HCs) were included. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performances were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) at baseline and at one-year follow-up. A number of other neurocognitive tests were also administered. Remission was determined at the endpoint according to the PANSS score ≤ 3 for selected items. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between time (baseline vs. endpoint) and group (FES vs. HCs) for EBPM (F(1, 44) = 8.8, p = 0.005) and for all neurocognitive components. Paired samples t-tests showed significant improvement in EBPM in FES (13.1±3.7 vs. 10.3±4.8; t = 3.065, p = 0.004), compared to HCs (15.7±3.6 vs. 16.5±2.3; t = -1.248, p = 0.230). A remission rate of 59.4% was found in the FES group. Analysis of covariance revealed that remitters performed significantly better on EBPM (14.9±2.6 vs. 10.4±3.6; F(1, 25) = 12.2, p = 0.002) than non-remitters at study endpoint. The association between EBPM and 12-month clinical improvement in FES suggests that EBPM may be a potential neurocognitive marker for the effectiveness of standard pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, the findings also imply that PM may not be strictly a trait-related endophenotype as indicated in previous studies.
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