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    Analysis of Macular Drusen and Blood Test Results in 945 Macaca fascicularis

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    Author
    Nishiguchi, KM; Yokoyama, Y; Fujii, Y; Fujita, K; Tomiyama, Y; Kawasaki, R; Furukawa, T; Ono, F; Shimozawa, N; Togo, M; ...
    Date
    2016-10-24
    Source Title
    PLoS One
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Kawasaki, Ryo
    Affiliation
    Ophthalmology (Eye & Ear Hospital)
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Nishiguchi, K. M., Yokoyama, Y., Fujii, Y., Fujita, K., Tomiyama, Y., Kawasaki, R., Furukawa, T., Ono, F., Shimozawa, N., Togo, M., Suzuki, M. & Nakazawa, T. (2016). Analysis of Macular Drusen and Blood Test Results in 945 Macaca fascicularis. PLoS One, 11 (10), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164899.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255527
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pone.0164899
    Abstract
    Age-dependent formation of macular drusen caused by the focal accumulation of extracellular deposits beneath the retinal pigment epithelium precede the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. It is established that inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of drusen and AMD. However, development of a preemptive therapeutic strategy targeting macular drusen and AMD has been impeded by the lack of relevant animal models because most laboratory animals lack macula, an anatomic feature present only in humans and a subset of monkeys. Reportedly, macular drusen and macular degeneration develop in monkeys in an age-dependent manner. In this study, we analyzed blood test results from 945 Macaca fascicularis, 317 with and 628 without drusen. First, a trend test for drusen frequency (the Cochran-Armitage test) was applied to the quartile data for each parameter. We selected variables with an increasing or decreasing trend with higher quartiles at P < 0.05, to which multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. This revealed a positive association of age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.12) and white blood cell count (OR: 1.01 per 1 × 103/μl, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01) with drusen. When the monkeys were divided by age, the association between drusen and white blood cell count was only evident in younger monkeys (OR: 1.01 per 1 × 103/μl, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02). In conclusion, age and white blood cell count may be associated with drusen development in M. fascicularis. Systemic inflammation may contribute to drusen formation in monkeys.

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