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    Combined effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: New results from the ADVANCE trial.

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    Author
    Zoungas, S; de Galan, BE; Ninomiya, T; Grobbee, D; Hamet, P; Heller, S; MacMahon, S; Marre, M; Neal, B; Patel, A; ...
    Date
    2009-11
    Source Title
    Diabetes Care
    Publisher
    American Diabetes Association
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Harrap, Stephen
    Affiliation
    Physiology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Zoungas, S., de Galan, B. E., Ninomiya, T., Grobbee, D., Hamet, P., Heller, S., MacMahon, S., Marre, M., Neal, B., Patel, A., Woodward, M., Chalmers, J., ADVANCE Collaborative Group, Cass, A., Glasziou, P., Harrap, S., Lisheng, L., Mancia, G., Pillai, A. ,... Travert, F. (2009). Combined effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: New results from the ADVANCE trial.. Diabetes Care, 32 (11), pp.2068-2074. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0959.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/255969
    DOI
    10.2337/dc09-0959
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768202
    Abstract
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude and independence of the effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on clinical outcomes in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a multicenter, factorial randomized trial of perindopril-indapamide versus placebo (double-blind comparison) and intensive glucose control with a gliclazide MR-based regimen (target A1C <or=6.5%) versus standard glucose control (open comparison) in 11,140 participants with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Annual event rates and risks of major macrovascular and microvascular events considered jointly and separately, renal events, and death during an average 4.3 years of follow-up were assessed, using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: There was no interaction between the effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control for any of the prespecified clinical outcomes (all P > 0.1): the separate effects of the two interventions for the renal outcomes and death appeared to be additive on the log scale. Compared with neither intervention, combination treatment reduced the risk of new or worsening nephropathy by 33% (95% CI 12-50%, P = 0.005), new onset of macroalbuminuria by 54% (35-68%, P < 0.0001), and new onset of microalbuminuria by 26% (17-34%). Combination treatment was associated with an 18% reduction in the risk of all-cause death (1-32%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control were independent of one another. When combined, they produced additional reductions in clinically relevant outcomes.

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