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    In silico identification of opossum cytokine genes suggests the complexity of the marsupial immune system rivals that of eutherian mammals.

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    Author
    Wong, ES; Young, LJ; Papenfuss, AT; Belov, K
    Date
    2006-11-10
    Source Title
    Immunome Research
    Publisher
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Papenfuss, Anthony
    Affiliation
    Medical Biology (W.E.H.I.)
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Wong, E. S., Young, L. J., Papenfuss, A. T. & Belov, K. (2006). In silico identification of opossum cytokine genes suggests the complexity of the marsupial immune system rivals that of eutherian mammals.. Immunome Res, 2 (1), pp.4-. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-7580-2-4.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256126
    DOI
    10.1186/1745-7580-2-4
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1660534
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Cytokines are small proteins that regulate immunity in vertebrate species. Marsupial and eutherian mammals last shared a common ancestor more than 180 million years ago, so it is not surprising that attempts to isolate many key marsupial cytokines using traditional laboratory techniques have been unsuccessful. This paucity of molecular data has led some authors to suggest that the marsupial immune system is 'primitive' and not on par with the sophisticated immune system of eutherian (placental) mammals. RESULTS: The sequencing of the first marsupial genome has allowed us to identify highly divergent immune genes. We used gene prediction methods that incorporate the identification of gene location using BLAST, SYNTENY + BLAST and HMMER to identify 23 key marsupial immune genes, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-13, in the genome of the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Many of these genes were not predicted in the publicly available automated annotations. CONCLUSION: The power of this approach was demonstrated by the identification of orthologous cytokines between marsupials and eutherians that share only 30% identity at the amino acid level. Furthermore, the presence of key immunological genes suggests that marsupials do indeed possess a sophisticated immune system, whose function may parallel that of eutherian mammals.

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