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    1-((2,4-Dichlorophenethyl)Amino)3-Phenoxypropan-2-ol Kills Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Extensive Membrane Damage

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    Author
    Defraine, V; Liebens, V; Loos, E; Swings, T; Weytjens, B; Fierro, C; Marchal, K; Sharkey, L; O'Neill, AJ; Corbau, R; ...
    Date
    2018-02-08
    Source Title
    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Publisher
    FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Sharkey, Liam
    Affiliation
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Defraine, V., Liebens, V., Loos, E., Swings, T., Weytjens, B., Fierro, C., Marchal, K., Sharkey, L., O'Neill, A. J., Corbau, R., Marchand, A., Chaltin, P., Fauvart, M. & Michiels, J. (2018). 1-((2,4-Dichlorophenethyl)Amino)3-Phenoxypropan-2-ol Kills Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Extensive Membrane Damage. FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY, 9 (FEB), https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00129.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256144
    DOI
    10.3389/fmicb.2018.00129
    Abstract
    The ever increasing multidrug-resistance of clinically important pathogens and the lack of novel antibiotics have resulted in a true antibiotic crisis where many antibiotics are no longer effective. Further complicating the treatment of bacterial infections are antibiotic-tolerant persister cells. Besides being responsible for the recalcitrant nature of chronic infections, persister cells greatly contribute to the observed antibiotic tolerance in biofilms and even facilitate the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Evidently, eradication of these persister cells could greatly improve patient outcomes and targeting persistence may provide an alternative approach in combatting chronic infections. We recently characterized 1-((2,4-dichlorophenethyl)amino)-3-phenoxypropan-2-ol (SPI009), a novel anti-persister molecule capable of directly killing persisters from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. SPI009 potentiates antibiotic activity in several in vitro and in vivo infection models and possesses promising anti-biofilm activity. Strikingly, SPI009 restores antibiotic sensitivity even in resistant strains. In this study, we investigated the mode of action of this novel compound using several parallel approaches. Genetic analyses and a macromolecular synthesis assays suggest that SPI009 acts by causing extensive membrane damage. This hypothesis was confirmed by liposome leakage assay and membrane permeability studies, demonstrating that SPI009 rapidly impairs the bacterial outer and inner membranes. Evaluation of SPI009-resistant mutants, which only could be generated under severe selection pressure, suggested a possible role for the MexCD-OprJ efflux pump. Overall, our results demonstrate the extensive membrane-damaging activity of SPI009 and confirm its clinical potential in the development of novel anti-persister therapies.

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