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    The Influence of Apical and Basal Defoliation on the Canopy Structure and Biochemical Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz Grapes and Wine

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    Author
    Zhang, P; Wu, X; Needs, S; Liu, D; Fuentes, S; Howell, K
    Date
    2017-07-07
    Source Title
    Frontiers in Chemistry
    Publisher
    FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Fuentes Jara, Sigfredo Augusto; Zhang, Pangzhen; Needs, Sonja; Howell, Kate; Liu, Di
    Affiliation
    Agriculture and Food Systems
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Zhang, P., Wu, X., Needs, S., Liu, D., Fuentes, S. & Howell, K. (2017). The Influence of Apical and Basal Defoliation on the Canopy Structure and Biochemical Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz Grapes and Wine. FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY, 5 (JUL), https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2017.00048.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256486
    DOI
    10.3389/fchem.2017.00048
    Abstract
    Defoliation is a commonly used viticultural technique to balance the ratio between grapevine vegetation and fruit. Defoliation is conducted around the fruit zone to reduce the leaf photosynthetic area, and to increase sunlight exposure of grape bunches. Apical leaf removal is not commonly practiced, and therefore its influence on canopy structure and resultant wine aroma is not well-studied. This study quantified the influences of apical and basal defoliation on canopy structure parameters using canopy cover photography and computer vision algorithms. The influence of canopy structure changes on the chemical compositions of grapes and wines was investigated over two vintages (2010-2011 and 2015-2016) in Yarra Valley, Australia. The Shiraz grapevines were subjected to five different treatments: no leaf removal (Ctrl); basal (TB) and apical (TD) leaf removal at veraison and intermediate ripeness, respectively. Basal leaf removal significantly reduced the leaf area index and foliage cover and increased canopy porosity, while apical leaf removal had limited influences on canopy parameters. However, the latter tended to result in lower alcohol level in the finished wine. Statistically significant increases in pH and decreases in TA was observed in shaded grapes, while no significant changes in the color profile and volatile compounds of the resultant wine were found. These results suggest that apical leaf removal is an effective method to reduce wine alcohol concentration with minimal influences on wine composition.

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