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    The Economic impact of Non-communicable Diseases on households in India

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    Author
    Engelgau, MM; Karan, A; Mahal, A
    Date
    2012-04-25
    Source Title
    Globalization and Health
    Publisher
    BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Mahal, Ajay
    Affiliation
    Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Engelgau, M. M., Karan, A. & Mahal, A. (2012). The Economic impact of Non-communicable Diseases on households in India. GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH, 8 (1), https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-8-9.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256505
    DOI
    10.1186/1744-8603-8-9
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: In India, Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and injuries account for an estimated 62% of the total age-standardized burden of forgone Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Public and private financing of clinical services to reduce the NCD burden is a major challenge. METHODS: We used National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) survey data from 1995-96 and 2004 covering nearly 200 thousand households to assess healthcare utilization patterns and out of pocket health spending by disease category. For this purpose, self-reported diseases and conditions were categorized into NCDs and non-NCDs. Survey data were used to assess how households financed their overall health expenditures and related this pattern to specific health conditions. We measured catastrophic spending on NCD-related hospitalization, defined as occurring when health expenditures exceeded 40% of a household's ability to pay, that is, household consumption spending less combined survival consumption expenditure; and impoverishment when per capita expenditure within the household decreased to below the poverty line once health spending was netted out. RESULTS: The share of NCDs in out of pocket health expenses incurred by households increased over time, from 31.6 percent in 1995-96 to 47.3 percent in 2004. In both years, own savings and income were the most important source of financing for many health conditions, typically between 40-60 percent of all spending, whereas 30-35 percent was from borrowing. The odds of catastrophic hospitalization expenditures for cancer was nearly 170% greater and for CVD and injuries 22 percent greater than the odds due to communicable diseases. Impoverishment patterns were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Out of pocket expenses for treating NCDs rose sharply over the period from 1995-96 to 2004. When NCDs are present, the financial risks to which Indians households are exposed are significant.

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