Genetic classification of populations using supervised learning.

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Bridges, M; Heron, EA; O'Dushlaine, C; Segurado, R; International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC); Morris, D; Corvin, A; Gill, M; Pinto, CDate
2011-05-12Source Title
PLoS OnePublisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)University of Melbourne Author/s
Stone, JenniferAffiliation
Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthMetadata
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Journal ArticleCitations
Bridges, M., Heron, E. A., O'Dushlaine, C., Segurado, R., International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC), Morris, D., Corvin, A., Gill, M. & Pinto, C. (2011). Genetic classification of populations using supervised learning.. PLoS One, 6 (5), pp.e14802-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014802.Access Status
Open AccessOpen Access at PMC
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093382Abstract
There are many instances in genetics in which we wish to determine whether two candidate populations are distinguishable on the basis of their genetic structure. Examples include populations which are geographically separated, case-control studies and quality control (when participants in a study have been genotyped at different laboratories). This latter application is of particular importance in the era of large scale genome wide association studies, when collections of individuals genotyped at different locations are being merged to provide increased power. The traditional method for detecting structure within a population is some form of exploratory technique such as principal components analysis. Such methods, which do not utilise our prior knowledge of the membership of the candidate populations. are termed unsupervised. Supervised methods, on the other hand are able to utilise this prior knowledge when it is available.In this paper we demonstrate that in such cases modern supervised approaches are a more appropriate tool for detecting genetic differences between populations. We apply two such methods, (neural networks and support vector machines) to the classification of three populations (two from Scotland and one from Bulgaria). The sensitivity exhibited by both these methods is considerably higher than that attained by principal components analysis and in fact comfortably exceeds a recently conjectured theoretical limit on the sensitivity of unsupervised methods. In particular, our methods can distinguish between the two Scottish populations, where principal components analysis cannot. We suggest, on the basis of our results that a supervised learning approach should be the method of choice when classifying individuals into pre-defined populations, particularly in quality control for large scale genome wide association studies.
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