University Library
  • Login
A gateway to Melbourne's research publications
Minerva Access is the University's Institutional Repository. It aims to collect, preserve, and showcase the intellectual output of staff and students of the University of Melbourne for a global audience.
View Item 
  • Minerva Access
  • Arts
  • Arts Collected Works
  • Arts Collected Works - Research Publications
  • View Item
  • Minerva Access
  • Arts
  • Arts Collected Works
  • Arts Collected Works - Research Publications
  • View Item
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Analysis on the Composition/structure and Lacquering Techniques of the Coffin of Emperor Qianlong Excavated from the Eastern Imperial Tombs

    Thumbnail
    Download
    published version (4.642Mb)

    Citations
    Scopus
    Web of Science
    Altmetric
    4
    4
    Author
    Hao, X; Wu, H; Zhao, Y; Tong, T; Li, X; Yang, C; Tang, Y; Shen, X; Tong, H
    Date
    2017-08-24
    Source Title
    Scientific Reports
    Publisher
    NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    TONG, TONG
    Affiliation
    Arts
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Hao, X., Wu, H., Zhao, Y., Tong, T., Li, X., Yang, C., Tang, Y., Shen, X. & Tong, H. (2017). Analysis on the Composition/structure and Lacquering Techniques of the Coffin of Emperor Qianlong Excavated from the Eastern Imperial Tombs. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 7 (1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08933-8.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256856
    DOI
    10.1038/s41598-017-08933-8
    Abstract
    This article presents the results of an investigation on the coffin of Emperor Qianlong excavated from the Eastern Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Zunhua, China. The composition, structure and lacquering techniques used in the manufacturing process were analyzed in this project. Stereoscopic Microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, Raman, Double-shot Py-GC/MS were used as scientific analytical methods. The results show that the structure of the coffin body consists of a wooden body layer, a lacquer ash layer and a lacquer film pigment layer. The lacquer ash layer consists of nine stucco layers and ten fiber layers on top of each other in an alternating order. The lacquer film pigment layer consists of mineral pigments, lacquer sap, animal gelatin, drying oil, quartz sand and proteinaceous materials. Pigments used in the lacquer film include calcite white, carbon black, cinnabar red and gold. The presence of three distinctive catechols along with the other catechols' and phenols' profiles in the lacquer film matrix clearly indicate the species of the lacquer tree was Rhus. Vernicifera. Several distinctive lacquering techniques that improved the coffin body's stability and mechanical strength were identified in the investigation, including the "wan lacquering", "painting lacquer above the gold" and "Jin Jiao".

    Export Reference in RIS Format     

    Endnote

    • Click on "Export Reference in RIS Format" and choose "open with... Endnote".

    Refworks

    • Click on "Export Reference in RIS Format". Login to Refworks, go to References => Import References


    Collections
    • Minerva Elements Records [45689]
    • Arts Collected Works - Research Publications [63]
    Minerva AccessDepositing Your Work (for University of Melbourne Staff and Students)NewsFAQs

    BrowseCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects
    My AccountLoginRegister
    StatisticsMost Popular ItemsStatistics by CountryMost Popular Authors