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    The location of Australian Buruli ulcer lesions-Implications for unravelling disease transmission

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    Author
    Yerramilli, A; Tay, EL; Stewardson, AJ; Kelley, PG; Bishop, E; Jenkin, GA; Starr, M; Trevillyan, J; Hughes, A; Friedman, ND; ...
    Date
    2017-08-01
    Source Title
    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    O'Brien, Daniel; Johnson, Paul; Starr, Michael
    Affiliation
    Medicine and Radiology
    Paediatrics (RCH)
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Yerramilli, A., Tay, E. L., Stewardson, A. J., Kelley, P. G., Bishop, E., Jenkin, G. A., Starr, M., Trevillyan, J., Hughes, A., Friedman, N. D., O'Brien, D. P. & Johnson, P. D. R. (2017). The location of Australian Buruli ulcer lesions-Implications for unravelling disease transmission. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, 11 (8), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005800.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256874
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pntd.0005800
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5584971
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is increasing in incidence in Victoria, Australia. To improve understanding of disease transmission, we aimed to map the location of BU lesions on the human body. METHODS: Using notification data and clinical records review, we conducted a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with BU in Victoria from 1998-2015. We created electronic density maps of lesion locations using spatial analysis software and compared lesion distribution by age, gender, presence of multiple lesions and month of infection. FINDINGS: We examined 579 patients with 649 lesions; 32 (5.5%) patients had multiple lesions. Lesions were predominantly located on lower (70.0%) and upper (27.1%) limbs, and showed a non-random distribution with strong predilection for the ankles, elbows and calves. When stratified by gender, upper limb lesions were more common (OR 1·97, 95% CI 1·38-2·82, p<0·001) while lower limb lesions were less common in men than in women (OR 0·48, 95% CI 0·34-0·68, p<0·001). Patients aged ≥ 65 years (OR 3·13, 95% CI 1·52-6·43, p = 0·001) and those with a lesion on the ankle (OR 2·49, 95% CI 1·14-5·43, p = 0·02) were more likely to have multiple lesions. Most infections (71.3%) were likely acquired in the warmer 6 months of the year. INTERPRETATION: Comparison with published work in Cameroon, Africa, showed similar lesion distribution and suggests the mode of M. ulcerans transmission may be the same across the globe. Our findings also aid clinical diagnosis and provide quantitative background information for further research investigating disease transmission.

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