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    A longitudinal study of serological responses to Coxiella burnetii and shedding at kidding among intensively-managed goats supports early use of vaccines

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    Author
    Muleme, M; Campbell, A; Stenos, J; Devlin, JM; Vincent, G; Cameron, A; Graves, S; Wilks, CR; Firestone, S
    Date
    2017-09-15
    Source Title
    Veterinary Research: an international journal of animal infection and epidemiology
    Publisher
    BMC
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Muleme, Michael; Devlin, Joanne; Wilks, Colin; Campbell, Angus; Cameron, Alexander; Firestone, Simon; Muleme, Michael
    Affiliation
    Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
    Veterinary Biosciences
    Agriculture and Food Systems
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Muleme, M., Campbell, A., Stenos, J., Devlin, J. M., Vincent, G., Cameron, A., Graves, S., Wilks, C. R. & Firestone, S. (2017). A longitudinal study of serological responses to Coxiella burnetii and shedding at kidding among intensively-managed goats supports early use of vaccines. VETERINARY RESEARCH, 48 (1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0452-3.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/256974
    DOI
    10.1186/s13567-017-0452-3
    Abstract
    Vaccination against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever, is reportedly the only feasible strategy of eradicating infection in ruminant herds. Preventive vaccination of seronegative goats is more effective in reducing shedding of C. burnetii than vaccinating seropositive goats. The age at which goats born on heavily-contaminated farms first seroconvert to C. burnetii has not yet been documented. In a 16-month birth cohort study, the age at which goats seroconverted against C. burnetii was investigated; 95 goats were bled every 2 weeks and tested for antibodies against C. burnetii. Risk factors for seroconversion were explored and goats shedding C. burnetii were identified by testing vaginal swabs taken at the goats' first kidding using a com1 polymerase chain reaction assay. The first surge in the number of goats with IgM to C. burnetii was observed at week 9. Thus, a first vaccination not later than 8 weeks of age to control C. burnetii in highly contaminated environments is indicated. The odds of seroconversion were 2.0 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 3.5] in kids born by does with serological evidence of recent infection (IgM seropositive) compared to kids born by IgM seronegative does, suggesting either in utero transmission or peri-parturient infection. The rate of seroconversion was 4.5 times higher (95% CI 2.1, 9.8) during than outside the kidding season, highlighting the risk posed by C. burnetii shed during kidding, even to goats outside the kidding herd. Shedding of C. burnetii at kidding was detected in 15 out of 41 goats infected before breeding.

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