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    Immunity to HIV-1 is influenced by continued natural exposure to exogenous virus.

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    Author
    Willberg, CB; McConnell, JJ; Eriksson, EM; Bragg, LA; York, VA; Liegler, TJ; Hecht, FM; Grant, RM; Nixon, DF
    Date
    2008-10
    Source Title
    PLoS Pathogens
    Publisher
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Eriksson, Emily
    Affiliation
    Medical Biology (W.E.H.I.)
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Willberg, C. B., McConnell, J. J., Eriksson, E. M., Bragg, L. A., York, V. A., Liegler, T. J., Hecht, F. M., Grant, R. M. & Nixon, D. F. (2008). Immunity to HIV-1 is influenced by continued natural exposure to exogenous virus.. PLoS Pathog, 4 (10), pp.e1000185-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000185.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/257121
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.ppat.1000185
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562513
    Abstract
    Unprotected sexual intercourse between individuals who are both infected with HIV-1 can lead to exposure to their partner's virus, and potentially to super-infection. However, the immunological consequences of continued exposure to HIV-1 by individuals already infected, has to our knowledge never been reported. We measured T cell responses in 49 HIV-1 infected individuals who were on antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads. All the individuals were in a long-term sexual partnership with another HIV-1 infected individual, who was either also on HAART and suppressing their viral loads, or viremic (>9000 copies/ml). T cell responses to HIV-1 epitopes were measured directly ex-vivo by the IFN-gamma enzyme linked immuno-spot assay and by cytokine flow cytometry. Sexual exposure data was generated from questionnaires given to both individuals within each partnership. Individuals who continued to have regular sexual contact with a HIV-1 infected viremic partner had significantly higher frequencies of HIV-1-specific T cell responses, compared to individuals with aviremic partners. Strikingly, the magnitude of the HIV-1-specific T cell response correlated strongly with the level and route of exposure. Responses consisted of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Longitudinally, decreases in exposure were mirrored by a lower T cell response. However, no evidence for systemic super-infection was found in any of the individuals. Continued sexual exposure to exogenous HIV-1 was associated with increased HIV-1-specific T cell responses, in the absence of systemic super-infection, and correlated with the level and type of exposure.

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