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    The malaria parasite cation ATPase PfATP4 and its role in the mechanism of action of a new arsenal of antimalarial drugs

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    Author
    Spillman, NJ; Kirk, K
    Date
    2015-12-01
    Source Title
    International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance
    Publisher
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Spillman, Natalie
    Affiliation
    School of BioSciences
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Spillman, N. J. & Kirk, K. (2015). The malaria parasite cation ATPase PfATP4 and its role in the mechanism of action of a new arsenal of antimalarial drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE, 5 (3), pp.149-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.07.001.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/257344
    DOI
    10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.07.001
    Abstract
    The intraerythrocytic malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, maintains a low cytosolic Na(+) concentration and the plasma membrane P-type cation translocating ATPase 'PfATP4' has been implicated as playing a key role in this process. PfATP4 has been the subject of significant attention in recent years as mutations in this protein confer resistance to a growing number of new antimalarial compounds, including the spiroindolones, the pyrazoles, the dihydroisoquinolones, and a number of the antimalarial agents in the Medicines for Malaria Venture's 'Malaria Box'. On exposure of parasites to these compounds there is a rapid disruption of cytosolic Na(+). Whether, and if so how, such chemically distinct compounds interact with PfATP4, and how such interactions lead to parasite death, is not yet clear. The fact that multiple different chemical classes have converged upon PfATP4 highlights its significance as a potential target for new generation antimalarial agents. A spiroindolone (KAE609, now known as cipargamin) has progressed through Phase I and IIa clinical trials with favourable results. In this review we consider the physiological role of PfATP4, summarise the current repertoire of antimalarial compounds for which PfATP4 is implicated in their mechanism of action, and provide an outlook on translation from target identification in the laboratory to patient treatment in the field.

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