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    Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells-Friend or Foe during Viral Infection?

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    Author
    Juno, JA; van Bockel, D; Kent, SJ; Kelleher, AD; Zaunders, JJ; Munier, CML
    Date
    2017-01-23
    Source Title
    Frontiers in Immunology
    Publisher
    FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Juno, Jennifer; Kent, Stephen
    Affiliation
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Juno, J. A., van Bockel, D., Kent, S. J., Kelleher, A. D., Zaunders, J. J. & Munier, C. M. L. (2017). Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells-Friend or Foe during Viral Infection?. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 8 (JAN), https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00019.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/257576
    DOI
    10.3389/fimmu.2017.00019
    Abstract
    CD4 T cells with cytotoxic function were once thought to be an artifact due to long-term in vitro cultures but have in more recent years become accepted and reported in the literature in response to a number of viral infections. In this review, we focus on cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the context of human viral infections and in some infections that affect mice and non-human primates. We examine the effector mechanisms used by cytotoxic CD4 cells, the phenotypes that describe this population, and the transcription factors and pathways that lead to their induction following infection. We further consider the cells that are the predominant targets of this effector subset and describe the viral infections in which CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been shown to play a protective or pathologic role. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are detected in the circulation at much higher levels than previously realized and are now recognized to have an important role in the immune response to viral infections.

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