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    The Relationship between Impulsive Choice and Impulsive Action: A Cross-Species Translational Study

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    Author
    Broos, N; Schmaal, L; Wiskerke, J; Kostelijk, L; Lam, T; Stoop, N; Weierink, L; Ham, J; de Geus, EJC; Schoffelmeer, ANM; ...
    Date
    2012-05-04
    Source Title
    PLoS One
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Schmaal, Lianne
    Affiliation
    Centre for Youth Mental Health
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Broos, N., Schmaal, L., Wiskerke, J., Kostelijk, L., Lam, T., Stoop, N., Weierink, L., Ham, J., de Geus, E. J. C., Schoffelmeer, A. N. M., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., de Vries, T. J., Pattij, T. & Goudriaan, A. E. (2012). The Relationship between Impulsive Choice and Impulsive Action: A Cross-Species Translational Study. PLOS ONE, 7 (5), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036781.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/257860
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pone.0036781
    Abstract
    Maladaptive impulsivity is a core symptom in various psychiatric disorders. However, there is only limited evidence available on whether different measures of impulsivity represent largely unrelated aspects or a unitary construct. In a cross-species translational study, thirty rats were trained in impulsive choice (delayed reward task) and impulsive action (five-choice serial reaction time task) paradigms. The correlation between those measures was assessed during baseline performance and after pharmacological manipulations with the psychostimulant amphetamine and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. In parallel, to validate the animal data, 101 human subjects performed analogous measures of impulsive choice (delay discounting task, DDT) and impulsive action (immediate and delayed memory task, IMT/DMT). Moreover, all subjects completed the Stop Signal Task (SST, as an additional measure of impulsive action) and filled out the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11). Correlations between DDT and IMT/DMT were determined and a principal component analysis was performed on all human measures of impulsivity. In both rats and humans measures of impulsive choice and impulsive action did not correlate. In rats the within-subject pharmacological effects of amphetamine and atomoxetine did not correlate between tasks, suggesting distinct underlying neural correlates. Furthermore, in humans, principal component analysis identified three independent factors: (1) self-reported impulsivity (BIS-11); (2) impulsive action (IMT/DMT and SST); (3) impulsive choice (DDT). This is the first study directly comparing aspects of impulsivity using a cross-species translational approach. The present data reveal the non-unitary nature of impulsivity on a behavioral and pharmacological level. Collectively, this warrants a stronger focus on the relative contribution of distinct forms of impulsivity in psychopathology.

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