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    Growth-Arrest-Specific Protein 2 Inhibits Cell Division in Xenopus Embryos

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    Author
    Zhang, T; Dayanandan, B; Rouiller, I; Lawrence, EJ; Mandato, CA
    Date
    2011-09-09
    Source Title
    PLoS One
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Rouiller, Isabelle
    Affiliation
    Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Zhang, T., Dayanandan, B., Rouiller, I., Lawrence, E. J. & Mandato, C. A. (2011). Growth-Arrest-Specific Protein 2 Inhibits Cell Division in Xenopus Embryos. PLOS ONE, 6 (9), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024698.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/257886
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pone.0024698
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Growth-arrest-specific 2 gene was originally identified in murine fibroblasts under growth arrest conditions. Furthermore, serum stimulation of quiescent, non-dividing cells leads to the down-regulation of gas2 and results in re-entry into the cell cycle. Cytoskeleton rearrangements are critical for cell cycle progression and cell division and the Gas2 protein has been shown to co-localize with actin and microtubules in interphase mammalian cells. Despite these findings, direct evidence supporting a role for Gas2 in the mechanism of cell division has not been reported. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To determine whether the Gas2 protein plays a role in cell division, we over-expressed the full-length Gas2 protein and Gas2 truncations containing either the actin-binding CH domain or the tubulin-binding Gas2 domain in Xenopus laevis embryos. We found that both the full-length Gas2 protein and the Gas2 domain, but not the CH domain, inhibited cell division and resulted in multinucleated cells. The observation that Gas2 domain alone can arrest cell division suggests that Gas2 function is mediated by microtubule binding. Gas2 co-localized with microtubules at the cell cortex of Gas2-injected Xenopus embryos using cryo-confocal microscopy and co-sedimented with microtubules in cytoskeleton co-sedimentation assays. To investigate the mechanism of Gas2-induced cell division arrest, we showed, using a wound-induced contractile array assay, that Gas2 stabilized microtubules. Finally, electron microscopy studies demonstrated that Gas2 bundled microtubules into higher-order structures. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our experiments show that Gas2 inhibits cell division in Xenopus embryos. We propose that Gas2 function is mediated by binding and bundling microtubules, leading to cell division arrest.

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