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    Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma

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    Author
    Mai-Prochnow, A; Clauson, M; Hong, J; Murphy, AB
    Date
    2016-12-09
    Source Title
    Scientific Reports
    Publisher
    NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Hong, Jungmi
    Affiliation
    School of Physics
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Mai-Prochnow, A., Clauson, M., Hong, J. & Murphy, A. B. (2016). Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 6 (1), https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38610.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/258102
    DOI
    10.1038/srep38610
    Abstract
    Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is a relatively new method being investigated for antimicrobial activity. However, the exact mode of action is still being explored. Here we report that CAP efficacy is directly correlated to bacterial cell wall thickness in several species. Biofilms of Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, possessing a 55.4 nm cell wall, showed the highest resistance to CAP, with less than one log10 reduction after 10 min treatment. In contrast, biofilms of Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, possessing only a 2.4 nm cell wall, were almost completely eradicated using the same treatment conditions. Planktonic cultures of Gram negative Pseudomonas libanensis also had a higher log10 reduction than Gram positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. Mixed species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis showed a similar trend of Gram positive bacteria being more resistant to CAP treatment. However, when grown in co-culture, Gram negative P. aeruginosa was more resistant to CAP overall than as a mono-species biofilm. Emission spectra indicated OH and O, capable of structural cell wall bond breakage, were present in the plasma. This study indicates that cell wall thickness correlates with CAP inactivation times of bacteria, but cell membranes and biofilm matrix are also likely to play a role.

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