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    Pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast

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    Author
    Castroagudin, VL; Moreira, SI; Pereira, DAS; Moreira, SS; Brunner, PC; Maciel, JLN; Crous, PW; McDonald, BA; Alves, E; Ceresini, PC
    Date
    2016-12-01
    Source Title
    Persoonia
    Publisher
    RIJKSHERBARIUM
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    CROUS, PIETER
    Affiliation
    Agriculture and Food Systems
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Castroagudin, V. L., Moreira, S. I., Pereira, D. A. S., Moreira, S. S., Brunner, P. C., Maciel, J. L. N., Crous, P. W., McDonald, B. A., Alves, E. & Ceresini, P. C. (2016). Pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast. PERSOONIA, 37 (DECEMBER), pp.199-216. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X692149.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/258250
    DOI
    10.3767/003158516X692149
    Abstract
    Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern Brazil. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of P. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into three major clades. Clade 1 comprised isolates associated only with rice and corresponds to the previously described rice blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO). Clade 2 comprised isolates associated almost exclusively with wheat and corresponds to the previously described wheat blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT). Clade 3 contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts. We found that Clade 3 is distinct from P. oryzae and represents a new species, Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pgt). No morphological differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass), and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We conclude that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species. Pyricularia graminis-tritici was recently found causing wheat blast in Bangladesh. This indicates that P. graminis-tritici represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.

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