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    Phenoloxidase Activity Acts as a Mosquito Innate Immune Response against Infection with Semliki Forest Virus

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    64
    Author
    Rodriguez-Andres, J; Rani, S; Varjak, M; Chase-Topping, ME; Beck, MH; Ferguson, MC; Schnettler, E; Fragkoudis, R; Barry, G; Merits, A; ...
    Date
    2012-11-01
    Source Title
    PLoS Pathogens
    Publisher
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Rodriguez-Andres, Julio; Fazakerley, John
    Affiliation
    Veterinary Biosciences
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Rodriguez-Andres, J., Rani, S., Varjak, M., Chase-Topping, M. E., Beck, M. H., Ferguson, M. C., Schnettler, E., Fragkoudis, R., Barry, G., Merits, A., Fazakerley, J. K., Strand, M. R. & Kohl, A. (2012). Phenoloxidase Activity Acts as a Mosquito Innate Immune Response against Infection with Semliki Forest Virus. PLOS PATHOGENS, 8 (11), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002977.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/259274
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.ppat.1002977
    Abstract
    Several components of the mosquito immune system including the RNA interference (RNAi), JAK/STAT, Toll and IMD pathways have previously been implicated in controlling arbovirus infections. In contrast, the role of the phenoloxidase (PO) cascade in mosquito antiviral immunity is unknown. Here we show that conditioned medium from the Aedes albopictus-derived U4.4 cell line contains a functional PO cascade, which is activated by the bacterium Escherichia coli and the arbovirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) (Togaviridae; Alphavirus). Production of recombinant SFV expressing the PO cascade inhibitor Egf1.0 blocked PO activity in U4.4 cell- conditioned medium, which resulted in enhanced spread of SFV. Infection of adult female Aedes aegypti by feeding mosquitoes a bloodmeal containing Egf1.0-expressing SFV increased virus replication and mosquito mortality. Collectively, these results suggest the PO cascade of mosquitoes plays an important role in immune defence against arboviruses.

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