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    Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium

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    288
    Author
    Stabler, RA; He, M; Dawson, L; Martin, M; Valiente, E; Corton, C; Lawley, TD; Sebaihia, M; Quail, MA; Rose, G; ...
    Date
    2009-01-01
    Source Title
    Genome Biology
    Publisher
    BMC
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Dougan, Gordon
    Affiliation
    Microbiology and Immunology
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Stabler, R. A., He, M., Dawson, L., Martin, M., Valiente, E., Corton, C., Lawley, T. D., Sebaihia, M., Quail, M. A., Rose, G., Gerding, D. N., Gibert, M., Popoff, M. R., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G. & Wren, B. W. (2009). Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium. GENOME BIOLOGY, 10 (9), https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-r102.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/259504
    DOI
    10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-r102
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: The continued rise of Clostridium difficile infections worldwide has been accompanied by the rapid emergence of a highly virulent clone designated PCR-ribotype 027. To understand more about the evolution of this virulent clone, we made a three-way genomic and phenotypic comparison of an 'historic' non-epidemic 027 C. difficile (CD196), a recent epidemic and hypervirulent 027 (R20291) and a previously sequenced PCR-ribotype 012 strain (630). RESULTS: Although the genomes are highly conserved, the 027 genomes have 234 additional genes compared to 630, which may contribute to the distinct phenotypic differences we observe between these strains relating to motility, antibiotic resistance and toxicity. The epidemic 027 strain has five unique genetic regions, absent from both the non-epidemic 027 and strain 630, which include a novel phage island, a two component regulatory system and transcriptional regulators. CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of a series of 027 isolates showed that some of these genes appeared to have been gained by 027 strains over the past two decades. This study provides genetic markers for the identification of 027 strains and offers a unique opportunity to explain the recent emergence of a hypervirulent bacterium.

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