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    Area-Level Socioeconomic Characteristics, Prevalence and Trajectories of Cardiometabolic Risk

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    Author
    Ngo, AD; Paquet, C; Howard, NJ; Coffee, NT; Taylor, AW; Adams, RJ; Daniel, M
    Date
    2014-01-01
    Source Title
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Publisher
    MDPI
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    Daniel, Mark
    Affiliation
    Medicine and Radiology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Ngo, A. D., Paquet, C., Howard, N. J., Coffee, N. T., Taylor, A. W., Adams, R. J. & Daniel, M. (2014). Area-Level Socioeconomic Characteristics, Prevalence and Trajectories of Cardiometabolic Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 11 (1), pp.830-848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110100830.
    Access Status
    Open Access
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/265699
    DOI
    10.3390/ijerph110100830
    Abstract
    This study examines the relationships between area-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and the prevalence and trajectories of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the count of its constituents (i.e., disturbed glucose and insulin metabolism, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). A cohort of 4,056 men and women aged 18+ living in Adelaide, Australia was established in 2000-2003. MetS was ascertained at baseline, four and eight years via clinical examinations. Baseline area-level median household income, percentage of residents with a high school education, and unemployment rate were derived from the 2001 population Census. Three-level random-intercepts logistic and Poisson regression models were performed to estimate the standardized odds ratio (SOR), prevalence risk ratio (SRR), ratio of SORs/SRRs, and (95% confidence interval (CI)). Interaction between area- and individual-level SEP variables was also tested. The odds of having MetS and the count of its constituents increased over time. This increase did not vary according to baseline area-level SEP (ratios of SORs/SRRs ≈ 1; p ≥ 0.42). However, at baseline, after adjustment for individual SEP and health behaviours, median household income (inversely) and unemployment rate (positively) were significantly associated with MetS prevalence (SOR (95%CI) = 0.76 (0.63-0.90), and 1.48 (1.26-1.74), respectively), and the count of its constituents (SRR (95%CI) = 0.96 (0.93-0.99), and 1.06 (1.04-1.09), respectively). The inverse association with area-level education was statistically significant only in participants with less than post high school education (SOR (95%CI) = 0.58 (0.45-0.73), and SRR (95%CI) = 0.91 (0.88-0.94)). Area-level SEP does not predict an elevated trajectory to developing MetS or an elevated count of its constituents. However, at baseline, area-level SEP was inversely associated with prevalence of MetS and the count of its constituents, with the association of area-level education being modified by individual-level education. Population-level interventions for communities defined by area-level socioeconomic disadvantage are needed to reduce cardiometabolic risks.

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