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    Emergence and evolution of multiply antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B D-tartrate-utilizing strains containing SGI1.

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    Author
    Djordjevic, SP; Cain, AK; Evershed, NJ; Falconer, L; Levings, RS; Lightfoot, D; Hall, RM
    Date
    2009-06
    Source Title
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother
    Publisher
    American Society for Microbiology
    University of Melbourne Author/s
    LIGHTFOOT, DIANE
    Affiliation
    Mdu Microbiology
    Metadata
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    Document Type
    Journal Article
    Citations
    Djordjevic, S. P., Cain, A. K., Evershed, N. J., Falconer, L., Levings, R. S., Lightfoot, D. & Hall, R. M. (2009). Emergence and evolution of multiply antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B D-tartrate-utilizing strains containing SGI1.. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53 (6), pp.2319-2326. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01532-08.
    Access Status
    Access this item via the Open Access location
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11343/32926
    DOI
    10.1128/AAC.01532-08
    Open Access at PMC
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687191
    Description

    C1 - Journal Articles Refereed

    Abstract
    The first Australian isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B D-tartrate-utilizing (dT(+)) that is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline (ApCmFlSmSpSuTc) and contains SGI1 was isolated from a patient with gastroenteritis in early 1995. This is the earliest reported isolation globally. The incidence of infections caused by these SGI1-containing multiply antibiotic-resistant S. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT(+) strains increased during the next few years and occurred sporadically in all states of Australia. Several molecular criteria were used to show that the early isolates are very closely related to one another and to strains isolated during the following few years and in 2000 and 2003 from home aquariums and their owners. Early isolates from travelers returning from Indonesia shared the same features. Thus, they appear to represent a true clone arising from a single cell that acquired SGI1. Some minor differences in the resistance profiles and molecular profiles also were observed, indicating the ongoing evolution of the clone, and phage type differences were common, indicating that this is not a useful epidemiological marker over time. Three isolates from 1995, 1998, and 1999 contained a complete sul1 gene but were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole due to a point mutation that creates a premature termination codon. This SGI1 type was designated SGI1-R. The loss of resistance genes also was examined. When strains were grown for many generations in the absence of antibiotic selection, the loss of SGI1 was not detected. However, variants SGI1-C (resistance profile SmSpSu) and SGI1-B (resistant to ApSu), which had lost part of the integron, arose spontaneously, presumably via homologous recombination between duplications in the In104 complex integron.
    Keywords
    Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified; Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) not elsewhere classified

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